2014年安徽省农村4～6年级留守小学生的攻击行为与亲子分离、社交焦虑的关系

Association of aggressive behavior with separation from parents and social anxiety in grade four to six of rural senior primary school students in Anhui Province in 2014

目的了解安徽省农村小学4~6年级留守儿童的攻击行为状况与亲子分离及社交焦虑的相关性。方法于2014年10—11月,随机抽取安徽省砀山县2个乡镇的3所小学、固镇县1个乡镇的2所小学,采用分层整群抽取的方法,在4~6年级每个年级随机抽取2个班级,被抽取班级所有学生均作为调查对象,共计1126名学生。剔除项目填写不全或填写错误的问卷,有效问卷共1024份,有效率90.9%。自行设计问卷调查学生的基本情况和亲子分离状况;采用攻击行为量表(aggression questionnaire,AQ)评定学生的攻击行为;采用儿童社交焦虑量表(social anxiety scale for children,SASC)调查学生的社交焦虑情况等。采用多元线性回归法分析各相关影响因素对农村小学高年级留守儿童攻击行为的影响。结果不同年级的留守儿童的AQ总分及各因子得分间差异无统计学意义;男生的AQ总分及各因子得分高于女生,除言语攻击分外,AQ总分及其他各因子得分间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);留守儿童的AQ总分及各因子分均高于非留守儿童,且父母皆外出的留守儿童的AQ总分及各因子分均最高,AQ总分及身体攻击、间接攻击因子分间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);父亲和母亲外出时间在1年以上、父亲和母亲每年回家次数为0次及父亲和母亲与子女几乎不联系的留守儿童其AQ总分及各因子分均最高。多元线性回归分析显示,性别、父母外出打工的时间、父母亲每年回家的次数、父母亲和子女联系的频率及儿童社交焦虑评分均会影响农村小学高年级留守儿童的攻击行为。结论父母亲联系的频率越少、外出打工的时间越长及儿童社交焦虑评分越高,留守儿童的攻击行为越严重。

Objective To explore the relationship between separation from parents and social anxiety with aggressive behaviors, to provide scientific basis for the prevention of aggression. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect 1126 students ofthe fourth, fifth and sixth grade from three primary schools in Dangshan County and two primary schools in Guzhen County. The incomplete or incorrect questionnaires were eliminated, and 1024 questionnaires were valid; the effective rate was 90.9%. The questionnaire survey included the left-behind children＇s general situation and the separation from parents; the aggression questionnaire was used to detect the aggression of students; the social anxiety scale for children was used to detect the social anxiety of students. The multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the risk factor and the aggressive behavior. Results There were no significant difference of AQ score and other factor score among students in different grade （P 〉 0.05 ）, the AQ score and other factor score were higher in boy students （P 〈 0.05）. The AQ score and other factor score of the left-behind children were higher than the children who lived with their parents, the AQ score and other factor score of the children whose parents all out were highest（71.5 ±20.5, 14.9 ±6.1, 12.6 ±3.2, 17.6 ±5.8, 11.7 ±4.3 and 15.4 ±5.4） , there were significant difference of AQ score and PHY and IND factor score between them （P 〈 0.05 ）. The children whose parents go out one year ago, whose parents don＇t go home in one year, and who hardly contact parents, these children＇ AQ score and each factor points are the highest. Multiple linear regression showed that sex, the situation of parents go out to work, the number of parents go back to home every year, the frequency of parent-child links and children＇s social society influenced the aggressive behavior of students （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The lower the frequency of parental contact, the longer time to work and the higher the social anxiety score of children, the more serious the attack behavior of left-behind children.