社会性别视域下回族婚姻习惯法

Marital Custom Law of Hui Nationality in the Sight of Social Gender

由于回族婚姻习惯法的形成以伊斯兰教法为基础,并深受中国传统文化思想的影响,其习惯法建构以"夫权制"社会性别结构为基础。在婚姻关系的成立与解除以及婚姻效力等习惯法规定中,男性拥有对家庭的管理权以及婚姻关系的解除权,回族女性在婚姻关系中无法取得与男性相同的权利地位。同时,受伊斯兰教法"维护女性"思想的指引,回族婚姻习惯法在一定程度上承认女性具有结婚自由和有限度的离婚自由等权利,并特别赋予女性一定的经济权益,对回族女性基本权利保护具有重要作用。

The formation of marital custom law of Hui nationality is based on Sharia law and deeply influenced by Chinese traditional cultural ideas. As a result, in marital relations, Hui ethnic females are at the inferiority position. To be specific, in terms of regulations about the establishment and termination of marital relations and effectiveness of marriage in customary laws, Hui ethnic females cannot enjoy a fully equal social status with men fundamentally under the social gender structure of authority of the husband. Meanwhile, guided by the idea of ＂protecting females＂of Sharia law, marital custom law of Hui nationality acknowledges that females have the freedom of marriage and limited freedom of divorce as well as other rights to a certain extent. Besides, females are also specially endowed with certain economic rights and interests, which is of great importance to protecting basic rights of Hui ethnic females.