高通量测序研究膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料对辽育白牛肠道菌群的影响

Effect of extruded straw bio-fermented feed on the intestinal flora of Liaoyu white cattles by high-throughput sequencing

为研究膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料对辽育白牛肠道菌群的影响,选用体重相近[(300~350)kg]的健康无疾病的辽育白牛40头(10月龄、无阉割),随机分成4组,分别为:对照组(100%基础精料+黄贮饲料),试验1组(80%基础精料+膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料),试验2组(70%基础精料+膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料),试验3组(60%基础精料+膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料)。试验的预试期30 d,正试期130 d,试验牛自由采食和饮水,每天观察牛群的采食情况及健康状况。试验结束,每组随机选取3头牛进行直肠取粪便,用于肠道菌群的高通量测序分析。结果发现:(1)粪便菌群高通量测序分析发现:在门水平上,拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门为对照组和试验组粪便中的优势菌门。在属水平上,孢杆菌属为粪便细菌中的优势菌属。添加膨化秸秆生物发酵饲料的试验组中分解纤维素的厚壁菌门、梭菌属IV增加,尤其试验2组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05),且试验组丁酸产生菌梭菌属Xl Va相对丰度有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)粪便细菌Alpha多样性比较发现:试验组香浓指数(Shannon index)、艾斯指数(Ace index)、赵氏指数(Chao index)与对照组比较呈提高趋势,而辛普森指数(Simpson index)呈下降趋势,表明试验2组牛肠道内微生物多样性提高。

To study the effect of extruded straw bio-fermented feed on the intestinal flora of Liaoyu white cattle, with similar weight [（300-350） kg] of healthy Liaoyu white cattle, 40 cattle（ten months, no castration） were randomly divided into 4 groups. The experimental group were： control group： （100% base concentrate ＋yellow storage feed）, test group 1（80% base concentrate ＋ expanded corn straw fermentation feed）,test group 2： （70%base concentrate ＋extruded straw bio-fermented feed）, test group 3 （60% base concentrate ＋extruded straw bio-fermented feed）. The test period was 160 days, of which the pre-trial period was 30 days, the test period was 130 days, the test cattle were free to feed and drink water, which feeding status and health status of the herd were observed every day. After the experiment, each group randomly selected 3 white cattle take stool from rectum, for high-throughput sequencing analysis rumen microflora. The main results were as follows： （1） Fecal flora high-throughput sequencing analysis： At the level of Divisio, Baeteroides, Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria in the control group and the experimental group. At the level of Genus, The genus Bacillus was dominant bacteria in the stool bacteria. The experimental group were added with extruded straw bio-fermented feed, break down cellulose in Firmicutes, Clostridium Ⅳ as compare with the control group improved but the difference was no significant（P〉 0.05）. Test group butyrate-producing bacterium Clostrdium XlVa and relative abundance had increased, but the difference was no significant（P〉0.05）.（2） The resuhs showed that the Shannon index, Ace index and Chao index of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the Simpson index decreased, which indicated that the microbial diversity in intestines inside the cow of the test 2 groupis improved.