战后日本科技创新能力演变及其构建机制研究

The Evolution of Japanese Technological Innovation Capability and Its Construction Mechanism

截止到2017年,日本共有26位诺贝尔奖获得者,2000—2017年,平均每年一位,被学者称为"井喷"现象。基于日本诺贝尔奖"井喷"现象,从经济发展不同阶段的科技政策入手,分析了日本科技创新能力构建的演变及其构建机制。结果发现:(1)1949年的大学改革对日本科研创新能力的提升起到了巨大的推动作用,但在90年代以后,推动作用减弱,企业接替大学成为推动日本科技创新能力提升主要力量;(2)持续的科技经费投入是日本科技实力长期领先的根本动力;(3)经济高速增长时期基础研究投入的不足,明显损害了日本科技进步的根基,企业开展的基础研究对此进行了一定的弥补;(4)产学官合作制度的建立是日本科技持续繁荣的重要平台;(5)日本的科学文化精神是科技高速发展的文化基因。

By 2017, there are 26 Nobel Prize winners in Japan, after 2000, the average number of Nobel Prize is one per year. Based on the phenomenon of Japanese Nobel Prize ＇blowout＇, this paper analyzes the evolution and construction mechanism of Japanese science and technology innovation capacity building from the technological policy of different stages of economic development. The study found that： （1） The innovative ability of university reform of Japanese in 1949 played a huge role in research, but later in the 90 s, weakened role, and enterprise to succeed at the university of become the main force. （2） Continuous investment in science and technology is the fundamental driving force for Japan＇s long-term leadership in science and technology. （3） The lack of invest- ment in basic research in the period of rapid economic growth has significantly damaged the foundation of Japan＇s scientific and technological progress, and the basic research carried out by enterprises has made some com- pensation for this. （4） The establishment of the cooperation system of production schools is an important platform for the continuous prosperity of Japanese technology. （5） Japan＇s scientific and cultural spirit is the cultural gene of high- speed development of science and technology.