高考选考科目计分方式分析

On the Scoring Methods for Gaokao Optional Examination Subjects

选考制度是本次新高考的一个重大制度创新,但在有选考的情况下采用什么样的计分方式比较科学、公平,争议很大,研究不足。当前采用的是等级分计分方式,但它隐含的风险非常大,而且实践结果证明,各方满意度比较低。标准分和位次分与等级分原理差不多,也同样不能解决问题。原始分虽然很多人认为不适合选考,但其在很多方面其实是具有优势的。但在目前制度框架下,也不可能回去采用原始分。借鉴香港地区的经验,如何对等级分进行校准,使各科的等级划分比例能够根据考生群体的整体能力水平做调整,是当前制度框架下比较可行的问题解决思路。

The examination system is a major institutional innovation in this round of Gaokao （college entrance examination） reform. However, this creates a new problem that what kind of scoring method is scientific and fair, and the problem is still under-researched. At present, the grading scoring method is used, but its potential risks are very high, and the practice shows that the satisfaction of this method is relatively low. The standard scoring and rank scoring use the same principle as grading method, and they also cannot solve the problem. Although many people think that the raw score are not suitable for optional examination subjects, it actually has advantages in many aspects. But under the current institutional framework, it is impossible to go back to using the original points. Learning from the experience of Hong Kong, this paper proposed that the most feasible solution to this problem in the current institutional framework was to calibrate the grading points, so that the proportion of each subjects＂ grading divide can be adjusted according to the overall ability of the candidate group.