坚持:抗战时期冀中区堡垒户的形成、使命与困境

Persistence:The Formation,Mission and Predicament of the Fortress Families in Central Hebei Province during China's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

1941—1943年,冀中区堡垒户的大量产生,是中共动员农民以应对日军"扫荡"困局和自然环境等因素相互作用的结果。以堡垒户为核心,形成了地洞、地道以及抗日人员与堡垒户、邻里、村政权之间联动的隐蔽系统。在这一系统之下,堡垒户承担起保护伤病员和抗日干部,保证抗日通讯联络的运行,养育抗日人员子女,掩护抗战物资等任务,为冀中抗日根据地的保存和坚持提供了落脚点与活动空间。在此过程中,堡垒户面临着日伪军的残害和经济条件匮乏的生存困境,抗日政权和堡垒户想尽一切办法使这一困境得到一定程度的缓解。在残酷的对敌斗争环境中,尽管有的农民有过犹豫和挣扎,但以堡垒户为代表的广大农民以及与共产党结成的血肉联系,代表了民族抗战的主流,创造了历史奇迹。

The appearance of a large number of fortress families in central Hebei province was the result of interactions of many factors such as the Chinese Communist Party mobilized peasants to respond to the predicament of Japanese army's sweeps and natural environments. Centered on fortress families,there appeared holes,tunnels and a secret linkage system of armed men,fortress families,neighbors and village authorities. With this system,the fortress families took tasks such as protecting the sick and wounded,and cadres,safeguarding communications and links,nursing children of armed men,and covering materials,etc.,and thereby providing footholds and activity spaces. In the process,the fortress families faced the harms of Japanese and puppet armies and predicaments of lacking economic conditions. The Anti-Japanese authorities and fortress families did their best to alleviate the predicament to certain extent. In a cruel environment of struggling against the enemy,though some peasants had hesitations and entanglements,the vast majority of peasants represented by the fortress families and their close connections with the CCP represented the mainstream of the national War of Resistance against Japan and created a historical miracle.