伊斯兰国家民主化进程滞后的成因探析

Causes of Hysteresis in Democratization Process of Islamic Countries

伊斯兰世界逐渐摆脱殖民统治后,纷纷建立起独立的民族国家,并以不同方式尝试民主化。然而长期以来,伊斯兰国家民主化进程处于滞后状态,这与伊斯兰世界经历的政治演变及其导致的各种消极结果密切相关。伊斯兰国家民主化进程滞后的成因主要包括"舒拉"协商制度的解体和乌里玛宗教学者阶层的衰败,殖民统治和新殖民主义的影响、极端世俗化模式存在弊端、宪政体制趋于瓦解与议会制度面临失败,以及威权政体变异等。本文从伊斯兰国家历史演变的角度分析其民主化进程延缓与滞后的内在根源,为学界研判伊斯兰国家未来政治的发展趋势提供理论参考。

After gradually getting rid of the colonial domination,countries in the Islamic world have established nation-states and tried to promote democratization through different ways.However,the process of democratization in Islamic countries has remained slowand impractical so far,which is closely related to the political evolution that the Islamic world has experienced and its various negative consequences.The attributed reasons of the hysteresis mainly include factors as follows:dissolution of the Shura system and the decline of Ulema,the influence of colonialism and neo-colonialism,the disadvantages of extreme secularization mode,the collapse of constitutional system and the failure of parliamentary system,as well as the variation of authoritarian regimes.This paper analyzes the deeprooted causes of the delay and hysteresis of the democratization process in Islamic countries from the perspective of historical evolution of these countries,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for academic circles in studying and predicting development trends of politics in Islamic countries.