性别偏好的代际影响:基于意愿和行为两种路径的观察

Intergenerational Effects of Gender Preference: Observations through Desire and Behavior of Parents

文章利用2016年全国调查数据,通过观察意愿—意愿以及行为—意愿两种路径,实证分析了中国城市初婚女性性别偏好的代际影响。研究发现:父母对城市初婚女性性别偏好的代际影响存在同向关系,且与女性意愿孩子数量无关;公婆的代际影响只作用于一孩;兄弟姊妹性别结构对城市初婚女性的性别偏好具有显著的同向影响,另外,儿女双全原生家庭成长起来的女性相比较独生女更可能具有男孩偏好。研究结果揭示了在以一孩无偏好、二孩双偏好为主流意愿的城市女性中,仍存在着男孩偏好的空间,原生家庭父母性别偏好及行为具有显著影响。研究还发现现有子女性别结构以及根据出生性别比指标30多年来的变化态势分类以及现居住地省份对女性性别偏好的重要影响。

Using 2016 national sampling survey data, this paper analyzes the intergenerational effects of gender preference on the first married women in urban China. The influence is observed through either parents＇ gender preference for grandchildren or parents＇ fertility behavior represented as the siblings＇ gender structure of the women. Results show that women＇s parents have positive effects on their gender preference regardless of the number of the desired children, while the effects of their parents-in-law are significant only for their first child.The sibling＇s gender structure of the women also has significant positive effect on their gender preference. In addition, compared with the only child, women who grew with both brothers and sisters have stronger male preference.The findings imply that although the maiority of urban women have no gender preference for the first child and have both son and daughter preference when desire to have two children, there are exceptions who still prefer boys.Their parents＇ desire and behavior play important roles on their son preference.This paper also finds that the gender structure of women＇s existing children and the provinces where they live significantly affect women＇s gender preference.