微流控芯片核酸分析系统及其精准医学应用

Microfluidic Chip Based Nucleic Acid Analyzer and Its Application in Precision Medicine

目前临床病原菌检测主要依赖细菌培养的方法,该方法周期长、准确性低,且容易产生交叉污染和人体感染等问题。提出微流控芯片核酸恒温扩增分子诊断技术,开发离心进样空气隔离微流控芯片和共焦面成像光学检测系统,采用旋转扫描信号采集方法和薄层空气浴流动加热比例-积分-微分温控方法对呼吸道病原菌进行实验和分析。研制恒温扩增微流控芯片核酸分析系统,将系统检测灵敏度提高至10copies,降低样品试剂消耗量至0.94μL,在45min内能够同时进行多种病原菌指标的并行分析鉴定。通过100例临床样品实验测试,得到所提系统与传统聚合酶链反应所得结果的总符合率大于98%,可满足医院、社区医疗、乡镇卫生诊所等低成本精准医疗应用的需要。

In view of the current clinical practice, the detection of pathogenic bacteria mainly depends on bacterial culture methods. The methods have disadvantages of long cycle and low accuracy, and are prone to cross contamination and human infection. We propose the microfluidic chip based isothermal nucleic acid amplification for molecular diagnostics. An air-insulated microfluidic chip is designed for the automatic centrifugal distribution of samples to test cells. The confocal optical imaging, rotation scanning signal acquisition, thin layer air bath heating proportion-integral-derivative temperature control, etc. are developed. A microfluidic chip based nucleic acid analyzer is also developed. We detect the pathogens of respiratory tract using the proposed system, whose sensitivity can reach 10 copies. The sample reagent consumption is reduced to 0.94 μL, and the results can be obtained in 45 min. In a blinded experiment of 100 clinical patient sputum samples, the total coincidence rate of results of our system and the traditional polymerase chain reaction is over 98%. This novel nucleic acid analyzer is suitable for low cost and accurate medical applications in hospital, community care and township health clinic, etc.