多视角浅析印度特殊经济区表现

Multi-Perspectives Analysis on India's Special Economic Zones

"发展主义"是当下印度政治的核心话语,而全球自由化浪潮下被视为"发展利器"的经济特区在印度的表现却不尽如人意,这一问题也引发了学界的热烈讨论。与此同时,经济特区作为一个特殊的研究对象,涉及了包括资本、土地、民生等在内的多个复杂议题,很难从单一的理论视角对其有全面的认识。本文试图基于印度经济特区的具体表现,从经济地理学、政治经济学、社会学和社会人类学等不同理论视角出发,在宏观上更加清晰地认识印度经济特区发展并尝试回答为何其表现平平。相较于中国"政策试验"的发展逻辑,印度经济特区的整体发展逻辑模糊,缺乏符合自身国情且清晰的宏观定位,这在一定程度上阻碍了其稳定和健康的发展。

Developmentalism"represents the core political narrative in contemporary India,however through the lens of global liberalization,India’s economic zones are instrumentalized in a way that is seen as unsatisfactory,and this issue has become a point of contestation among scholars.At the same time,economic zones themselves are also a specialized focus of research,touching on complex issues,including capital,land and livelihoods,and as such,it is difficult to develop a wholistic understanding of SEZs from the vantage point of a singular theoretical perspective.This article attempts to apply multiple theoretical perspectives,including economic geology,political economy,sociology,and social anthropology to develop a clearer macro-level understanding of India’s SEZs and to try to answer the question as to why India’s SEZs have seen such mediocre performance.At the same time,the article proposes that India lacks an overall developmental logic behind its Special Economic Zones,which in the Chinese case is the developmental logic of"Policy Experimentation".As such,Indian SEZs lack a clear macro-level position and grounding within India’s broader national context.To a certain extent,this has presented an obstacle to India’s stable and healthy development.