东周西戎文化杨郎类型来源管窥

Origin of Yanglang Type of Xirong Culture of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty

杨郎类型作为东周西戎考古学文化重要的地方类型之一,依据文化面貌的差异,可划分为两个亚型:第一型以直线式洞室墓为主要特征,第二型以竖穴土坑墓为主要特征。二者均盛行殉牲,随葬品以北方系青铜器为主,墓葬形制的差异或与墓主的身份等级有关。其中,直线式洞室墓作为杨郎类型最具代表性的特征,来源于以新店子墓地和阳畔墓地为代表的内蒙古中部地区北方青铜文化。东周西戎文化杨郎类型与内蒙古中部地区北方青铜文化之间的亲缘关系表明,春秋中晚期,一支来自北方草原的牧业族群,向西南方向迁徙,到达陇山东侧一带,成为东周时期西戎族群的重要组成部分,遗留下杨郎类型遗存。

As one of the most important local types of the Xirong Culture of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the Yanglang type can be divided into two subtypes according to the different cultural characteristics. The first type is characterized by the tombs with vertical access and coffin chamber while the second type is characterized by the tombs with vertical opening. The animal sacrifices are common in the both types and the mainly funeral objects are bronze wares of northern culture. The differences in tomb structure and layout mainly are related to the tomb occupant＇s status and social ranks. Particularly, as the most representative feature of the Yanglang type, the tombs with vertical access and coffin chamber are derived from the northern bronze culture in central Inner Mongolia, represented by the Xindianzi cemetery and the Yangpan cemetery. The relationship between the Yanglang type of Xirong culture of the Eastern Zhou dynasty and the northern bronze culture in the central Inner Mongolia shows that an ethnic group from the northern grassland migrated to the southwest and reached the east side of Long Mountain during the mid-to-late Spring and Autumn Period. Then they became an important branch of Xirong people in the Eastern Zhou dynasty and left behind Yanglang remains.