单孔胸腔镜技术培训的思考

Thinking on the Training of Uniportal Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery

近年来,单孔胸腔镜技术迅速发展,已成为全球外科发展方向。单孔胸腔镜外科医师的针对性,规范化、系统化培训已成为重要的课题,技术培训是保证手术安全性的必不可少的重要环节。单孔电视胸腔镜技术培训应包括:由临床大中心经验丰富的专家直接面对面的教授手术技巧,或聘请专家导师前往学员所在单位进行针对性现场指导,这是一个代表性的、不可缺少的重要环节。网络视频通常也可以作为培训的方式。目前的技术提供了很多模拟训练,诸如:体外模拟器,人工合成胸腔、肺模型,动物实验,3D和VR技术能够为学习者提供各种层面的培训需求。对于大样本量的培训中心,短期的集中培训和中长期的系统性培训目前越来越受关注。根据学员的分级评估,采用多元化的培训模式,因材施教的针对性训练,有助于提高培训效果。我科在单孔胸腔镜外科医师培训方面做了一些工作,积累了一些培训经验,我们认为这样的培训是可行且完全有必要的。

Recently, uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery （VATS） has developed rapidly and has become the main theme of global surgical development. The specific, standardized and systematic training of this technology has become an important topic. Specific training in the uniportal VATS approach is crucial to ensure safety and radical treatment. Such training approach, including a direct interaction with experienced surgeons in high-volume centers, is crucial and represents an indispensable step. Another form of training that usually occurs after preceptorship is proctorship： an experienced mentor can be invited to a trainee＇s own center to provide specific on-site tutelage. Videos published online are commonly used as training material. Technology has allowed the use of different models of simulators for training. The most common model is the use of animal wet laboratory training. Other models, however, have been used mostrecently, such as the use of 3D and VR Technolo- g35 virtual reality simulators, and completely artificial models of the human thorax with synthetic lung, vessel, airway, and nodal tissues. A short-duration, high-volume, clinical immersion training, and a long term systematic training in high-volume centers are getting more and more attention. According to the evaluation of students＇ grading, a diversified training mode is adopted and the targeted training in accordance with different students helps to improve the training effect. We have done some work in systematic and standardized training of uniportal VATS in single center. We believe such training is feasible and absolutely necessary.