美国促进特殊学生参与个别化教育计划的课程探析

A Probe into the Curriculum on Promoting Special Students' Participation in the Individualized Education Program in the United States

本研究以美国促进特殊学生参与个别化教育计划(IEP)的课程为研究对象,分析了课程的应用对象、目标、内容、实施和评价等内容。结果发现:课程应用对象的年级、年龄和障碍类别较全面;课程目标以促进学生参与IEP会议、IEP的制定和IEP的实施为主;课程内容较全面、富有针对性和可操作性;课程实施时,大部分课程包含了配套的教学材料,教学时间和教学方式较灵活,教学策略较多元;课程评价方式较多样,欠统一。建议我国未来应提高各阶段、各障碍类别学生参与IEP的能力,开发促进学生参与IEP的课程,提升教师促进学生参与IEP的意识与能力。

This study analyzed the Individualized Education Program （IEP） in the United States, including its target students, objectives, content, implementation and evaluation. The results show the following： The IEP completely introduces the target students＇ academic years, ages, and types of disabihties; the objectives focus on promoting the target students＇ participation in the IEP meetings, development, and implementation; the IEP contains a comprehensive, targeted and operable curriculmn; the curriculum mainly includes supporting teaching materials, flexible teaching time and teaching methods, and diversified teaching strategies; and there are various but non-unified methods of evaluation. In eonclusion, the study uggests improving the ability of disabled student＇s in various academic years and with different types of disabilities in participation in the IEP, developing the curriculum for improving disabled students＇ participation in the IEP, and enhancing teachers＇ awareness of promoting disabled students＇ participation in the IEP.