跨境数据流动立法的价值取向与我国选择

Value Orientation and China's Choice on Transborder Data Flow

由于跨境数据流动的全球规则尚未达成,我国众多"走出去"的互联网企业随时可能遭受以数据安全为名义的贸易壁垒。跨境数据流动法律法规必须在商业利益与网络隐私、网络安全性与网络流动性、严格标准与宽松标准、本国特色与国际习惯之间作出价值选择。从全球范围上看,当前存在美国商业利益优先理念下的宽松立法、欧盟个人权利优先理念下的严格立法、俄罗斯数据主权优先理念下的本地存取型立法、澳大利亚利益均衡原则下的折中型立法等四种价值选择。我国需要确立数据主权优先、个人信息保护与经济发展并重的法律原则。国内法方面需对网络隐私权进行宽泛化、包容性的界定,分类监管跨境数据。在国际法方面需依托跨境贸易的中国方案和"一带一路"沿线国家,先从区际规则着手积极参与国际规则的制定。

Because of the failure to reach an international rules on global transborder data flow, many ＂going-out＂ internet enterprises of China risk trade barrier in the name of data security. Transborder data flow involves value conflicts between commercial interests and individual privacy, internet security and mobility, strict standard and loose standard, national characteristics and international customs. From the international prospective, there are four typical legislation modes ： USA ＇ s commercial- interests- first loose legislation, EU ＇ s individual- right- first strict legislation, Russia ＇ s national- security- first isolation legislation and Australia ＇ s interests -balanced compromise legislation. China should insist on the legislation principle of national- interests-first and balance keeping between economic development and individual messages protection. From the domestic law prospective, internet privacy and classified supervision on transborder data flow should be defined clearly; from the international law prospective, international rules making from regional rules should be the emphasis, which based on countries along the route of the Belt and Road Initiative.