良知的迷醉--以《孟子》中“酒”为中心的讨论

The Intoxication of Conscience:A Discussion Focusing on Alcoholic Drink in Mencius

《孟子》一书有九处论及"酒",其中有在日常意义上对酒的承认,但更多的是从道德理性的绝对性与纯粹性出发,体现出对酒之迷醉的拒斥。如此拒斥,引而至于政治上的禁酒,体现出孟子政治上的迷惘。而这在更深层次上,体现了孟子哲学追求绝对而纯粹的道德透明,最终走向了其反面,即由绝对自觉透明的道德自我,转而消解了天的自在性,湮没了万物的自在性和整体世界的自在性,且否定了他者的差异性与独立性。就此而言,拒斥酒之迷醉的孟子良知哲学,实质上是无酒的良知迷醉,它在彰显生命存在的某些侧面之际,却遮蔽了生命更为深邃与广袤的整体。

In Mencius, there are nine passages that mention alcoholic drink. Although it admits alcoholic drink is basic for everyday life, it mainly shows the refusal to the intoxication of drinking according to the absoluteness and purity of moral reason. Such refusal, which leads to anti-alcohol, reflects Mencius; confusion in politics. In a deeper level, it shows that the absolute and pure moral transparency which Mencius was pursuing comes to its contrary. That is, Mencius emphasizes the absolute transparent moral-self, but this self dispels the Heaven（Tian） in itself, annihilates all things in themselves and the world as a whole in itself. Furthermore, it denies the others ; otherness and independence. In this regard, Mencius ; conscience philosophy as the refusal to drinking intoxication is actually the intoxication of conscience without alcoholic drink. It manifests some profile of life while it closes over the life itself as a deeper and broader whole.