以道学建构帝学——朱熹诠释《大学》的另一种理路

Construction of Monarchy Theory with Neo-Ruism——Another of Zhu Xi's Exegetical Paths Through the Great Learning

中国传统的"帝王之学"主要是研究如何掌控权力、驾驭臣民、富国强兵的学问。宋儒希望建立道学化的帝王之学,实现儒家仁政德治的政治理想。朱熹通过对什么不是帝王之学的辨析,确立了以《大学》为核心的儒家正学引导帝王的经典体系与理论框架,并通过理学思想的运用,回答了帝王为什么学,如何学以明理而正君心立纲纪等系列问题,推动了以道学建构帝学的思想建设。

The thrust of research in traditional Chinese Monarchy theory was toward issues such as how to acquire and maintain control, how to master one＇s subjects and how to enrich the nation and strengthen the military. The Ruists of the Song era, however, wished to construct Monarchy theory with Neo-Ruism which was capable of bringing about the Ruist political ideal of a governance of humaneness and integrity. Via negative exposition of some inadequate Monarchy theory, Zhu Xi established a canonical system and theoretical framework to which the Great Learning was central to orthodox Ruist guidance of the monarch, and via the application of Neo- Ruist thought provided answers to a series of questions such as why the monarch should study and how exactly this study should proceed in order to establish disciplinary frameworks and rectify the heart of the ruler through the elucidation of cosmic principle. In doing so, Zhu Xi gave great impetus to the intellectual construction of Monarchy theory with Neo-Ruism.