个人信息在社会风险治理中的利用及其限制

On the Use of Personal Information in Social Risk Governance and Its Limitation

个人信息具有公共性,这是政府将其用于公共用途的正当基础。对政府利用个人信息的规制是当前个人信息保护中的一大短板。社会风险治理是政府利用个人信息最活跃和典型的领域,个人信息除了被用于相关犯罪的侦查,还可以被用于社会安全事件的预测预警、应急决策、个体行为分析、网络舆情管理和应急资源配置等。为了保障信息主体的权利,政府在社会风险治理中利用个人信息的行为应当受到限制,不能套用个人信息保护的一般规则;对政府利用个人信息的规制应当确立聚合利用原则、有区别的法律保留原则、知情原则、适度放宽的比例原则等基本原则。

The public character of personal information is the basis for the government to legitimately use it for public purposes. The regulation of the governmental use of personal information is a significant shortcoming in the personal information protection system. Social risk governance is the most active and typ- ical area of the governmental use of personal information where personal information can be used for forecas- ting and warning, emergency decision-making, individual behavior analysis, network public opinion man- agement and emergency resources allocation of social security incidents besides criminal investigation. In or- der to guarantee the rights of information subjects, the governmental use of personal information in social risk governance should be limited; but the regulation of governmental use of personal information cannot be governed mechanically by the general rule of personal information protection. Therefore, we should establish some basic rules in this field including the principle of polymerized use, the principle of distinguished legal reserve, the principle of being informed and the principle of moderate relaxation.