金属熔体超声处理用陶瓷工具杆研究进展

Research Progress on Ceramic Tool Rod for Metal Melt Ultrasonic Treatment

在金属熔体超声波铸造过程中,工具杆直接和高温金属熔体接触,起到传导超声波的作用,实现对金属熔体的超声处理。在高温熔体环境下,高温熔蚀及热应力的共同作用会使普通材质的工具杆迅速破坏。陶瓷材料具有耐高温熔蚀、耐磨损等优点,可作为超声波工具杆的选材。但陶瓷材料质性较脆,在制备工具杆过程中需对其进行补强增韧处理,以满足耐超声波振动的使用要求。介绍了陶瓷工具杆的增韧研究进展,包括相变增韧、纤维（晶须）与颗粒增韧、层状复合增韧、自增韧以及纳米增韧等研究,以及陶瓷工具杆抗热震性的研究现状,包括材料成分及含量、微观结构及宏观结构对其抗热震性的影响。最后探讨了高性能陶瓷工具杆的发展方向。

In the process of metal melt ultrosonic casting, the tool rod directly contacts with high-temperature molten metal and plays the role of transmitting ultrasonic wave to treat the molten metal. In the high-temperature melt environment, ordinary material tool rods can be destroyed quickly by the combined effect of high temperature corrosion and thermal stress. Ceramic material has the advantages of high-temperature corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and it can be used as the material of ultrasonic tool rod. But the ceramic material is brittle, and it needs to be reinforced and toughened in the process of tool bar＇s preparation to meet the requirements of ultrasonic vibration resistance. The research progress of toughening of ceramic tool rod was introduced, including the research of phase transformation toughening, fiber and particle toughening, laminated composite toughening, self-toughening and nano toughening. The research status of thermal shock resistance of ceramic tool rod was also introduced, including the effects of composition and content, microstructure and macrostructure of the ceramic mateial on the thermal shock resistance. The development direction of high performance ceramic tool rods was discussed finally.