鼻前棘的解剖

Anatomy of the anterior nasal spine

目的探讨鼻前棘的出现率、解剖学形态与年龄及性别的关系。方法观察并统计1000例颅面部(包括上颌骨)横轴位电子计算机断层扫描(CT)中鼻前棘的出现率,观察其形态并进行分类,并对鼻前棘出现率、形态及其分别与性别、年龄的关系进行研究并做统计学分析。结果鼻前棘的总体出现率为98.20%(982/1000)。鼻前棘在男女性中的出现率分别为99.06%(629/635)、96.71%(353/365),男性高于女性(χ2=7.1970,P<0.05)。鼻前棘在儿童组(年龄≤7岁)、青少年组(年龄8~18岁)、成年组(年龄>18岁)的出现率分别为92.59%(75/81)、99.25%(133/134)、98.60%(774/785),鼻前棘在青少年组(99.25%)和成人组(98.60%)的出现率高于儿童组(92.59%)。鼻前棘不同形态中,三角型最多(64.66%)。三角型鼻前棘在女性中的出现率最高(74.22%),双杆型及单杆型在男性中的出现率最高(28.46%、8.90%),不规则型在男女中的出现率差异不明显(3.34%、1.98%)。双杆型在青少年中出现率最高(58.65%),三角型在儿童组(64.00%)和成人组中的出现率(71.32%)高于青少年组(26.32%),单杆型在青少年中出现率最高(12.78%),不规则型在各组年龄段(2.67%、2.56%、2.97%)的出现率差异不明显。结论绝大多数人(98.20%)有鼻前棘。鼻前棘的形态以三角型最多见。鼻前棘的出现率和形态与性别及年龄有关。

Objective To study the occurance rate and the morphology of the anterior nasal spine and its relationship with the age and sex. Methods The occurance rate of anterior nasal spine in 1000 cases of craniofacial（ including maxilla） transverse CT,and the morphology of the anterior nasal spine and its relationship with the age and sex,were observed,counted and analized using statistical analysis. Results The overall incidence of anterior nasal spine was 98. 20%（ 982/1000）. The incidence rates of anterior nasal spine in male and female were 99. 06%（ 629/635）,96. 71%（ 353/365） respectively; the male was higher than female（ χ2= 7. 1970 P 0. 05）. The incidence rate in the children group（ age ≤7 years）,adolescent group（ aged 8-18 years） and adult group（ age 18 years） were 92. 59%（ 75/81）,99. 25%（ 133/134）,98. 60%（ 774/785） respectively. The occurance rates of anterior nasal spine in adolescents（ 99. 25% %） and adults（ 98. 60%） were higher than that in children（ 92. 59%）. The triangle pattern（ 64. 66%） was the most common type of anterior nasal spine. The triangle pattern was more common in women（ 74. 22%）,double rod pattern and the single rod pattern were more common in men（ 28. 46%,8. 90%）. There was no significant incidence difference of irregular pattern between male and female（ 3. 34%,1. 98%）. Double rod pattern had the highest occurance rate in young people（ 58. 65%）. The incidences of triangle pattern in children（ 64. 00%） and adults（ 71. 32%） were higher than that in adolescents（ 26. 32%）. Single rod pattern had the highest occurance rate in young people（ 12. 78%）. The distribution of irregular pattern had no significant difference among different age groups（ 2. 67%,2. 56%,2. 97%）. Conclusion The vast majority of people（ 98. 20%） have anterior nasal spine. The most common shape of the anterior nasal spine is triangle. The occurance rate and shape of anterior nasal spine are related to the sex and age.