上海市金山区5岁以下儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种情况及其影响因素分析

Immunization coverage of oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccines and its influencing factors among children under 5 years old in Jinshan District of Shanghai

目的了解金山区5岁以下儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种情况及其影响因素，为优化预防接种管理提供理论依据。方法采用横断面调查方法，从金山区12个接种门诊中随机抽取6个，再从每个抽样门诊中随机调查145名5岁以下儿童，调查内容包括儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种情况、儿童及家长社会人口学信息以及家长对预防接种的认知、态度和行为，采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计分析。结果863名被调查儿童的轮状病毒疫苗接种比例为61.07%，多因素Logistic回归分析显示，城镇户籍（OR＝2.21）、家庭年收入高（OR＝1.47）、家长对轮状病毒性腹泻的知晓程度高（OR＝8.56）、经常或总是接受接种医生建议（OR＝1.96）的家庭的儿童接种轮状病毒疫苗比例高，而家庭成员中有医生（OR＝0.57）的家庭儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种比例低。结论金山区儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种率受到儿童户籍、家庭收入、家长认知水平和接种医生建议等多种因素影响，应加强对儿童家长接种知识宣传教育，提高儿童轮状病毒疫苗接种覆盖率。

ObjectiveTo investigate the immunization coverage of oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccines and its influencing factors among children under 5 years old in Jinshan District of Shanghai in order to provide references for optimizing vaccination management in this area.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 community vaccination clinics randomly selected from 12 vaccination clinics in Jinshan District. In each selected clinic, 145 children under 5 years old were continuously recruited. Information on immunization status, demographics of children, family socioeconomic status and parents′ knowledge of vaccination were collected through questionnaire interview. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing immunization status by using SPSS22.0.ResultsAmong the 863 participating children, the immunization coverage rate of oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccines was 61.07%. Multivariate analysis revealed that children having an urban registration status （OR=2.21）, better family income （OR=1.47） and parents with high recognition of rotavirus diarrhea （OR=8.56） and stronger intention to following ＂ doctor′s suggestions＂ （OR=1.96） were more likely to accept oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccines, while those from families with a medical professional were less likely to be vaccinated （OR=0.57）.ConclusionThe immunization coverage rate of oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccines among children in Jinshan District were influenced by various factors such as children′s household registration status, household income, parents′ knowledge regarding vaccination and doctors′suggestions. Health education on immunization should be strengthened and tailor-made to improve the coverage of oral rotavirus vaccination.