社会活动与老年健康促进:基于2005-2014年追踪数据的考察

Social Activities and Health Promotion of the Elderly:A Survey Based on Tracking Data from 2005 to 2014

利用2005-2014中国老年人口健康追踪数据,基于活动理论,通过工具变量法解决内生性问题,分析参与社会活动对老年人健康状况与失能水平的影响。在解决变量内生性问题后,发现参与社会活动能够显著提升老年人的健康水平,参与社会活动的老年人比不参加任何社会活动的老年人的一般功能性失能得分低1.158分;参与活动程度越高,老年人的健康水平越好,社会活动参与每增加一个单位,老年人的一般功能性失能得分降低0.208分,结果具有稳健性。基于中介效应分析,还发现社会活动不仅对老年人健康具有直接效应,老年人的认知能力和心理健康在其中存在显著的中介作用,从而进一步证明了活动理论中老年人应积极参与社会活动的观点。结合社会活动理论探讨老年人参与社会活动问题,从政府、社区、家庭、个人层面提出了系统性建议。

Based on the activity theory, this study analyzed the influence of social activities on health status and disability level of the elderly by using the health tracking data of the elderly from 2005 to 2014 in China and solving endogeneity problem through instrumental variable method. The results revealed that after dealing with endogeneity problem, social activities engagement can significantl scores of the elderly that who do not engage in soc y improve the health level of the engage in social activities is 1.1 ial activities ; A higher degree elderly, general functional disability- 58 points less than that of the elderly social activities engagement indicates the betterheahh of the elderly. With each additional unit of social activity engagement, the general functional disabilityscore of the elderly decreased by 0. 208 points. The results are of robustness. Based on analysis of mediating effect, this study also found that social activities not only have a direct effect on health of the elderly, but the cognitive ability and mental health of the elderly have a significant mediating effect. This further proved that the elderly should engage in social activities positively. Based on the findings, this study discussed the social activities engagement of elderly and suggested some systemic suggestions from the government, community, family and individual perspective.