疲劳对羽毛球运动员蹬跨步动作下肢生物力学特征的影响

Effect of Fatigue on Biomechanical Characteristics of Lower Limbs of Badminton Players in Lunge Steps

目的:评价疲劳后运动员蹬跨步动作运动表现的变化,并探讨疲劳对羽毛球运动员完成不同方向跨步动作下肢生物力学特征的影响。方法:8名羽毛球专业大学生在疲劳前后分别进行向左和向右的蹬跨步动作,对比疲劳前后跨步腿着地阶段下肢运动学数据和足底压力数据。结果:疲劳后,羽毛球运动员完成蹬跨步动作的最大速度降低;在着地时刻,疲劳后髋关节屈曲角度减小,外展角度减小,外旋角度增大,膝关节外旋角度减小,踝关节由外翻着地变为内翻着地;在跨步腿整个着地阶段内,髋关节最大屈曲角度减小,膝关节最大屈曲角度减小,最大外旋角度减小;疲劳后前足内侧和中间区域最大压强显著高于疲劳前。结论:疲劳后完成蹬跨步动作的动作表现下降;在疲劳后,下肢以一个更加直立的姿态落地,会增加下肢关节冲击力,同时增加膝关节尤其是前交叉韧带的负荷,增大损伤的风险;疲劳后足底压力分布的变化可能增加足部尤其是前足内侧跖骨区部位及膝关节损伤的风险,在设计羽毛球鞋时可以考虑这一因素。

Objective： The purposes of this study were to evaluate the changes of lunge steps performance of athletes after fatigue,and to explore the effect of fatigue on the biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs of badminton players in different direction lunge steps. Methods： Eight badminton professional students took the left and right lunge steps before and after fatigue,and data of their lower limbs kinematics and foot pressure in striding stage of lunge step was analyzed. Results： After fatigue,the maximum speed in lunge step decreased; in the landing moment of lunge step,hip flexion angle,abduction angle and knee external rotation angle decreased,hip external rotation angle increased,ankle joint changed from the eversion to the varus; in the landing stage of lunge step,the maximum hip flexion angle,the maximum knee external rotation angle and the maximum knee flexion angle decreased; the peak pressures on medial and central forefoot significantly increased after fatigue. Conclusions：Lunge performance decreases after fatigue; after fatigue,lower limbs land on a more upright stance,which increases the impact force of the lower extremity joints,and increases the load of the knee joint,especially the anterior cruciate ligament,and increases the risk of injury; after fatigue,players＇ plantar pressure distribution may increase the risk of foot especially part of medial forefoot（ metatarsal region） and knee injury,this factor can be considered in designing badminton shoes.