论康德哲学中知识与审美的关系

The Relationship between Knowledge and Aesthetic in Kantian Philosophy

在康德的哲学体系中,审美活动属于反思性判断,这种判断的特点就在于它们突出了人的自由性,这种自由表现为通过想象力自下而上地向着理性复归的自由。当想象力与知性处于自由和谐状态时,质料与理性形式一致,产生了美;当质料刺激破坏理性形式时,产生的是丑陋。审美判断与知识中的规定判断不同,是自由与必然之间的一种辩证运动,彰显出的是理性的整体性框架,而非具体的知性概念的束缚。知识和审美都是在理性之下的,知识的教化和审美能力是互相裨补的关系。

In Kant＇s philosophical system, the aesthetic activities belong to reflective judgment, the characteristic of which is their highlighting of human freedom, which is expressed as the bottom-up return to reason through imagination. When imagination and intellectuality are in a state of freedom and harmony, the material is consistent with the rational form, resulting in beauty; when the material stimulates and damages the formation of rationality, ugliness arises. Aesthetical judgement is different from the knowledge of the provisions of the judgement; it is a dialectical movement between freedom and necessity, highlighting the integrity of the rational framework, rather than a specific concept of intellectual bondage. Knowledge and aesthetic are both under the scope of reason,therefore the acquisition of knowledge and aesthetic ability are mutually beneficial.