初入高原新兵认知能力变化的纵向追踪研究

Longitudinal study on change of cognitive ability among recruits who first entered plateau

目的探索初入高原新兵认知能力变化趋势。方法采用配对设计的方法,通过记忆搜索测验、迷津测验、数字搜索测验、数字相加测验、心理旋转测验、注意广度测验,对147名初入高原新兵进入3 700 m海拔高原1周、1、3、6个月认知能力进行纵向追踪评估和对比研究。结果记忆搜索测验得分,第四次测评成绩与前3次之间差异有统计学意义(t_(记4-3)=-5.825,t_(记4-2)=-5.867,t_(记4-1)=-5.839,均P<0.01);迷津、数字搜索、心理旋转测验得分,除第2次与第3次间差异无统计学意义,其余各次间以及与第2次、第3次间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);数字相加测验得分,第1次与第2次、第3次、第4次间差异均有统计学意义(t_(数加2-1)=6.297,t_(数加3-1)=6.206,t_(数加4-1)=3.564,均P<0.01),其余各次间差异无统计学意义;注意广度测验得分,第1次与第4次、第2次与第3次间差异无统计学意义,其余各次间差异有统计学意义(t_(注2-1)=3.957,t_(注3-1)=4.277,t_(注4-2)=-4.269,t_(注4-3)=-4.539,均P<0.01)。结论初入高原6个月间,新兵认知能力存在起伏,记忆搜索能力呈现缓慢降低的趋势,迷津测验、数字搜索测验、数字相加测验、心理旋转测验呈现缓慢提升的趋势,注意广度呈现先提升后降低的趋势,6种认知能力在初入高原1-3个月间均未表现出显著变化。

[Objective]To explore the change trend of cognitive ability among recruits who first entered plateau. [Methods] The paired design method was adopted, and the cognitive abilities of 147 recruits who first entered 3 700 m plateau for 1 week,1 month, 3 months and 6 months were longitudinally evaluated and comparatively analyzed by memory search test, maze test,number search test, number calculation test, mental rotation test and attention span test. [Results] For the scores of memory search test, there were statistically significant differences between the fourth test and before three tests（t_（memory4-3）=-5.825, t_（memory4-2）=-5.867, t_（memory4-1）=-5.839, all P0.01）. For the scores of maze test, digital search and mental rotation, there were not statistically significant between second and third test, but statistically significant between other tests（all P0.05）. For the scores of number calculation test, there were statistically significant differences between the first test and other three tests（t_（number2-1）=6.297, t_（number3-1）=6.206, t_（number4-1）=3.564, all P0.01）, and others were not statistically significant. For the scores of attention span test, there were not statistically significant between the first and fourth test, the second and third test, others were statistically significant（t_（attention2-1）=3.957, t_（attention3-1）=4.277, t_（attention4-2）=-4.269, t_（attention4-3）=-4.539, all P0.01）. [Conclusion] First entered the plateau for 6 months, the cognitive ability of recruits fluctuates, memory search ability shows a slow decreasing trend, maze test, number search test,number calculation test and mental rotation test show a slow increasing trend, and attention span shows a trend to increase and then decrease. Six kinds of cognitive abilities do not show significant changes in first entered plateau for 1-3 months.