2015年-2016年威海市市售食品中食源性致病菌监测结果分析

Surveillance results analysis of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in commercial food in Weihai from 2015 to 2016

目的了解威海市市售食品食源性致病菌污染状况,为预防与控制食源性疾病发生提供依据。方法按照国家标准方法和食源性致病菌监测工作手册,对10项食源性致病菌进行检测分离、鉴定。结果 12类共计440份样品中,检出致病菌95株,总检出率为21.59%。检出的5种致病菌中蜡样芽胞杆菌的检出率最高,为25.00%,其余由高到低依次为副溶血性弧菌(10.00%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(9.09%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(5.77%)、沙门菌(0.71%),各类致病菌的检出率总体上差异有统计学意义(χ~2=99.456,P<0.01)。网店、小吃店、农贸市场、超市是主要的食品污染场所。预包装食品的污染率高于散装食品。结论威海市市售食品中存在不同程度的食源性致病菌污染,卫生指标菌超标严重,应加强卫生监督管理,减少食源性疾病的发生,防范食物中毒及食源性疾病的暴发。

Objective To understand the pollution status of food borne pathogens in Weihai,so as to provide basis for the prevention and control of food-borne diseases. Methods According to the national standard method and national food-borne pathogenic bacteria monitoring manual,10 kinds of food-borne pathogens were isolated and identified. Results Ninty-five strains of pathogens were detected from 440 samples in 12 categories. The overall detection rate was 21. 59%. The detection rate of Bacillus cereus was the highest（ 25. 00%）,followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus（ 10. 00%）,Listeria monocytogenes（ 9. 09%）,Staphylococcus aureus（ 5. 77%） and Salmonella（ 0. 71%）. The detection rates differences of all the above pathogens were statistically significant（ χ~2= 99. 456,P 〈0. 01）. The most pollution sites were takeaway,snack bars,farmers market and supermarkets. The contamination rate of pre-packaged food was higher than that of bulk food. Conclusion Food-borne pathogens existed at different levels in food in Weihai. Bacteria indicators severely exceed the limit. So hygiene supervision should strengthened to prevent the outbreak of food poisoning and reduce food-borne diseases.