三种水稻的生物学特性与观赏组合潜力评估

Biological Characteristics and Assessment of the Ornamental Combination Potentiality for Three Rice Cultivars

观赏水稻作为最经济最乡土的元素可应用于城市和农业景观的营造,然而,水稻品种的性状及配置直接影响景观的效果及日后维护。本研究选取日本晴、明恢86和紫稻1501三个品种水稻进行色素、农艺性状和光合特性的研究。结果表明紫稻1501的植株、花器官和种子与日本晴、明恢86具有明显色差,花青素与叶绿素的比值上升是彩叶形成的主要原因。花青素空间分布的显微观察结果表明紫稻1501花器官的花青素可积累于柱头部位,种子部位花青素的积累始现于授粉后7 d的种子胚胎部位。农艺性状分析显示明恢86和紫稻1501的叶型、株型和光合作用等指标更为相似,其叶长和叶宽长度无显著差异,生长期和成熟期内的株高变化趋势相似,光合特性结果显示明恢86和紫稻1501二者的净光合速率接近且与日本晴存在显著差异。上述研究表明在三种水稻中,明恢86和紫稻1501具有更为相似的生物学特性,适合作为休闲农业观赏水稻的配置资源。本研究丰富了观赏水稻的生物学知识、也为休闲农业观赏水稻资源的筛选配置提供了理论和实践指导。

As the most economic and local elements, ornamental rice can be applied to urban and agricultural landscape constructions, however, the trait and disposition of rice varieties are related to the effect of landscape and its future maintenance. In this study, the pigments, agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of three cultivars of Nipponbare, Minghui 86 and Purple 1501 rice were studied. The results showed that the plants, flowers and seeds of Purple 1501 had significant color differences in comparison with those of Nipponbare and Minghui86, an increase in the ratio of anthocyanin to chlorophyll resulted in the formation of color leaves. Microscopic observation of spatial distribution of anthocyanin in flower revealed that anthocyanin only accumulated in the stigma of Purple rice 1501, then anthocyanin accumulation of the seed was firstly observed in embryos after 7 days fertilization. Analysis of agronomic traits showed that leaf type, plant type and photosynthesis were more similar between Minghui 86 and Purple 1501. Moreover no significant difference was observed in the leaf length and leafwidth, and, Minghui 86 and Purple 1501 also followed a similar pattern in the change of plant height during the growth and mature stages, additionally, they had similar net photosynthetic rate and significantly different with that of Nipponbare. All the results showed that Minghui 86 and Purple 1501 rice have similar biological characteristics,which might be more suitable as the resources for leisure agriculture. The research enriched the biological knowledge of ornamental rice, also gave a theoretical and practical guidance for the screening and deposition of ornamental rice for leisure agriculture.