光学相干域偏振测量技术及其在高精度光纤陀螺器件测量中的应用

Optical Coherence Domain Polarimetry Technology and Its Application in Measurement for Evaluating Components of High Precision Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes

光学相干域偏振测量(OCDP)技术是一种基于白光干涉原理,利用保偏光纤器件和组件中的偏振传输模式之间存在的能量耦合(偏振串扰)实现分布式偏振特性精确表征的测试方法,具有超高偏振测量灵敏度(偏振串扰为-100^-90dB)、高空间分辨率(5~10cm)、超宽测量动态范围(10~9~10^(10))和长光纤测量距离(数千米)等优点,可以满足包括光纤陀螺核心器件和光路在内的保偏光纤器件与组件的超高偏振性能测试需求。回顾OCDP原理与关键技术,包括分布式偏振串扰的测试原理与精确建模方法以及OCDP仪器化若干关键技术;展示OCDP技术在超高消光比集成波导调制器、超长陀螺敏感环定量测试与诊断、评估中的应用;针对高性能光纤传感器复杂多变的应用环境,展望OCDP技术在高精度光纤陀螺的核心器件与整机光路测试中未来的发展方向。

Optical coherence domain polarimetry （OCDP） is a measurment method based on white light interferometry and accurately measures distributed polarization characteristics of polarization maintaining fiber devices and components by energy coupling （polarization crosstalk） in polarization transmission modes. It has advantages of ultra-high polarization sensitivity （polarization crosstalk is from -100 dB to -90 dB）, high spatial resolution （5-10 cm）, ultra-wide dynamic range （109-1010）, and large scanning range （several kilometers）, which meet ultra-high performance measurement requirements for polarization maintaining fiber devices and components including key components and optical circuits of fiber-optic gyroscopes. The principle and key technique of OCDP are reviewed including the measurment principle and accurate modeling method of distributed polarization crosstalk, and several key techniques of OCDP instrumentation. The application of OCDP in quantitative measuring as well as diagnosing and evaluating the integrated waveguide modulator with ultra-high extinction ratio and ultra-large length sensing fiber coil is demonstrated. An outlook of future developments of OCDP in measurement of key components and total optical circuits of high precision fiber-optic gyroscopes is provided aiming at complicated and changeable application environment of high performance optical fiber transducers.