基于属性特征的江苏海岸线类型划分研究

Classification of Coastline Type Based on Attribute Characteristics:A case study of Jiangsu province

海岸线是海岸开发活动的重要载体,随着沿海开发活动日益活跃,资源环境压力不断增大,海岸线保护与利用已成为研究热点。文章基于海岸属性特征,从底质类型、生态特征、海岸动态和人为干扰4个方面建立海岸线类型划分标准,并以江苏省海岸线为例,对岸线属性空间分异和空间关联特征进行了分析。结果显示:江苏省海岸线底质类型以泥质岸线为主,占比可达89.37%,基岩岸线和砂质岸线仅在北段部分区域分布;生物岸线分布广泛,覆盖34.16%的海岸线区域,集中分布中段和南段的淤长型泥质岸线;海岸动态方面61.00%岸线属于淤长型,主要分布在中段和南段,23.78%的岸线为稳定型,主要分布在北段,15.22%的岸线为侵蚀型,集中分布在废黄河口两侧岸段;海岸线人为干扰显著,原生岸线仅占总长度的3.85%,分布在北段基岩岸段和中部自然保护区内的淤长型泥质岸段;江苏省海岸线可划分为11种岸段类型、55个岸段,岸段类型集中在"泥质-非生物-淤长型-次生岸线"和"泥质-生物-淤长型-次生岸线"两种,累计长度分别为233.03km、200.80km,合计占比达57.73%。研究成果可为海岸线保护与利用管理实践和相关研究提供参考。

Coastline is an important carrier of coastal developing activities.Along with the increas- ingly active coastal developing activities and increasing pressure on resources and environment, the protection and utilization of coastline has become a research hotspot.Based on the characteristics of coastal attributes, this paper established coastline classification criteria based on sediment types, ecological features, coastal dynamics and human disturbance.Taking the coastline of Jiangsu province as an example, this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation and spatial correlation characteristics of the shoreline attributes.The results showed, the coastline type of Jiangsu province is dominated by muddy shoreline,accounting for 89.37%.The bedrock shoreline and sandy shoreline only distribute in the northern part. Biological shoreline distribution is widespread, covering 34. 16% of the coastline area, concentrated in the middle and southern section of accretion muddy coastline.On the Coastal dynamic aspect,61.00% coastline belongs to accretion type,mainly distributed in the middle and the southern section; 23. 78% of the coastline is stable,mainly in the northern section;15.22% of the coastline is eroded,concentrated on both sides of the abandoned Yellow River estuary. The coastline had significant anthropogenic disturbance, and the native shoreline accounted for only 3.85% ,distributed in the bedrock shoreline of the northern section and the accretion shore section of the central nature reserve. The coastline of Jiangsu province could be divided into 11 types,55 shore segments.The types of shoreline are concentrated in the two types of ＂muddy-non-biological-accretion-secondary shoreline＂ and ＂muddy-biological-accretion-secondary shoreline＂, the cumulative length is 233.03 km and 200.80 km respectively, accounting for 57.73% of the total length.The research results can provide reference for the practice of coastline protection and utilization management and related research.