雄安新区生态安全格局识别与优化策略

Identification and optimization of ecological security pattern in Xiong'an New Area

雄安新区的设立对于调整、优化京津冀城市空间结构具有深远的历史意义。面向"生态标杆"的新区建设理念,生态安全格局识别及优化是保障雄安新区生态安全、实现可持续发展的基本空间途径。本文基于雄县、荣城、安新三县生态本底特征,选取并定量评估粮食供给、产水、土壤保持、生境维持和近水游憩5种生态系统服务,识别生态源地;利用VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据修正基于地类赋值的基本阻力面,并运用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道;最后基于现状生态安全格局,探讨绿色生态宜居新城目标下的生态安全格局优化策略。研究结果表明:雄安三县生态源地占到全区土地总面积的41.88%,包含14个生态源地斑块,主要分布在白洋淀周边;生态廊道总长度107.21 km,分4大组团呈环状分布;现有生态源地辐射面积占到全区的70.6%,在雄县县城周边新建辐射面积为227 km^2的生态源地可满足全区85%的源地辐射面积规模要求。本文提出的生态安全格局优化方案可为雄安新区开发建设提供空间指引。

The establishment of Xiong’an New Area has far-reaching historical significance for adjusting and optimizing the urban layout and spatial structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Under the construction concept of ecological benchmark,the identification and optimization of ecological security pattern is the basic spatial approach to ensuring the ecological security and realizing sustainable development in Xiong’an New Area.Based on the ecological background characteristics of Xiongxian,Rongcheng and Anxin,this study quantified and mapped five ecosystem services,namely grain yield,water yield,soil conservation,habitat conservation and near water recreation,and identified the ecological sources.Using the VIIRS/DNB Nighttime Light data,ecological resistance surface based on land-use types assignment was modified.The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridors.Based on the current ecological security pattern,the optimization strategy of the ecological security pattern was discussed under the goal of green,ecological and livable city.The results showed that,ecological sources,which accounted for 41.88% of the total area and contained 14 major ecological patches,were mainly distributed in the areas surrounding the Baiyangdian Lake.The total length of ecological corridors was 107.21 km,which was divided into four groups with a circle distribution.The radiating area of existing ecological sources reached 70.6% of the total area.Therefore,it is necessary to build a new ecological source with a radiating area of 227 km^2 to meet the demand for 85% of radiating area of the ecological source.The ecological security pattern scheme proposed in this study can provide spatial guidance for the construction of green,ecological,and livable city in Xiong’an New Area.