儿童学习困难家庭环境影响因素的Meta分析

A meta-analysis of family risk factors for learning disability

目的了解儿童学习困难环境影响因素,为开展相应防治工作提供理论依据。方法系统收集1986—2014年涉及儿童学习困难发病危险因素的病例对照文献,从中提取有关家庭环境影响因素的数据;按照纽卡斯-渥太华文献质量评价量表(Newcastle-Ottawa Scale,NOS)标准对纳入文献进行质量评价;采用Rev Man 5.3软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果共纳入11篇文献,包括儿童学习困难病例1 852例,对照17 714例。Meta分析结果显示,男性儿童(OR=2.02,95%CI=1.79～2.28)、父亲职业为无业人员(OR=9.51,95%CI=4.68～19.30)、母亲职业为无业人员(OR=4.99,95%CI=2.51～9.91)、家庭经济条件差(OR=1.72,95%CI=1.45～2.04)、教育态度不一致(OR=2.60,95%CI=2.25～3.01)、偶尔讲故事(OR=4.52,95%CI=2.45～8.34)、偶尔鼓励儿童看课外书(OR=2.65,95%CI=1.53～4.60)是儿童学习困难的危险因素(P值均<0.01)。结论儿童学习困难的发生与性别、父亲职业、家庭经济条件、教育态度、偶尔讲故事、偶尔鼓励儿童看课外书相关。

Objective To investigate family risk factors for learning disability and to provide a theoretical basis for future prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods A systematic search for case-control studies on family risk factors for learning disability between 1986 and 2014 was conducted, relevant family risk factors were extracted accordingly. A meta-analysis on the selected studies was analyzed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results A total of 11 studies were selected, involving 1 852 children with learning disability and 17 714 normal controls. Meta analysis indicated that boys（ OR = 2.02, 95%CI = 1.79-2.28）, father＇s occupation（ OR = 9.51, 95%CI = 4.68-19.30）, family financial crisis（ OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.45-2.04）, inconsistent parental attitude toward academic performance of the child were inconsistent（ OR = 2.60, 95%CI = 2.25-3.01）, seldom reading story with children（ OR= 4.52, 95%CI = 2.45-8.34）, seldom encouraging children to read（ OR = 2.65, 95%CI = 1.53-4.60）. Conclusion Boys, father＇s occupation, family financial difficulties, attitude of parents toward children＇s education were inconsistent, children whose parents had a lower rate of telling stories, once in a while parents encourage children to read reference books were associated with an increased risk for children with learning difficulty.