广州市中小学生视力损害敏感期研究

A study on the sensitive period of visual impairment of primary and middle school students in Guangzhou

目的探讨中小学生视力损害敏感期,为保护学生视力提供依据。方法利用广州市中小学生常年健康监测资料,选取1993,2003和2013学年的学生视力检查结果,采用动态数列分析的方法,计算各学年度视力不良检出率的年增长率及其修正值,以超出年增长率均值±1个标准差作为视力损害敏感期的界值。结果 1993学年广州市中小学男生和女生的视力损害敏感期分别在9～15岁和9～16岁,视力损害的高峰期分别在12～14岁和11～13岁;2003学年视力损害敏感期分别为9～17岁和9～16岁,视力损害的高峰期分别在11～12岁和9～11岁;2013学年视力损害敏感期均在8～15岁的范围,视力损害的高峰期在8～9岁和8～10岁。3个学年比较,男生与女生视力损害敏感期的提前不明显,但视力损害高峰期则有较明显提前的倾向。男生视力损害的高峰期从12～14岁提前至8～9岁,女生从11～13岁提前至8～10岁。结论中小学生确实存在视力损害敏感期,1993—2013学年学生视力损害敏感期有提前趋势,且视力不良呈现低龄化倾向。

Objective To explore the sensitive period of visual impairment of primary and middle school students, and to provide the basis for protecting students＇ vision and preventing and controlling myopia. Methods The data of monitoring primary and middle school students＇ health in Guangzhou was used, the results of the eyesight examination of students in the year 1993,2003 and 2013 were selected. And the method of dynamic data analysis was employed to calculate the annual detection rate of poor eyesight of the annual growth rate and its correction value to exceed the annual growth rate of average±1 s as the sensitive period of visual impairment boundary value. Results The sensitive period of visual impairment of primary and middle school students in Guangzhou was basically in the range of 8 to 16 years old, and the peak of visual impairment differed in different academic year,and the peak periods of visual impairment of the boys in 1993, 2003 and 2013 were were 12 to 14 years old, 11 to 12 years old, 8 to 9 year old, respectively, and those for girls were 11 to 13 years old, 9 to 11 years old, 8 to 10 years old, respectively. Conclusion There is indeed a sensitive period of visual impairment in primary and middle school students. During the academic year of1993 to 2013, the sensitive period of students turned up a forward tendency, and younger students tended to have poor eyesight.