广州市2008与2015年儿童乳牙患龋状况比较

Dental caries of deciduous teeth in children in Guangzhou during 2008-2015

目的比较广州市2008与2015年儿童乳牙患龋状况,为开展儿童龋病防治工作提供参考。方法按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的方法和标准,于2015年10—11月采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市越秀、海珠、白云、花都、增城、从化6个区5,6,9岁儿童共4 482名进行口腔健康检查,并与2008年广州市第一次儿童口腔健康流行病学抽样调查结果进行比较。结果 2015年广州市儿童5,6,9岁乳牙患龋率分别为76.78%,80.85%,74.56%,龋均分别为5.47,5.60,3.27,充填率分别为4.05%,5.81%,6.83%。2015年广州市小学生乳牙患龋率和龋均农村(88.77%,6.41)高于城市(73.94%,4.25)(χ~2=101.209,t=13.775,P值均<0.01);性别间患龋率差异无统计学意义。充填率城市(7.38%)高于农村(1.08%)(χ~2=58.106,P<0.01)。2015年广州市儿童乳牙患龋率、龋均和充填率均明显高于2008年口腔流调结果。5岁组2015年农村儿童患龋率最高,为86.05%,其次为2008年农村(78.89%),2015年和2008年城市儿童患龋率分别为74.22%和48.52%(χ~2=160.923,P<0.01)。6岁及9岁组儿童患龋率及龋均分布情况与5岁组一致。结论广州市儿童乳牙龋齿患病率呈上升趋势,农村高于城市,但城市龋病患病的增长速度快于农村,儿童龋病的治疗率较低,尤其是农村儿童。应加大农村地区口腔卫生资源的投入,以降低乳牙龋齿发病率。

Objective To evaluate dental caries status of deciduous teeth among children in Guangzhou during 2008-2015.Methods A total of 4 482 children aged 5, 6 and 9 years were enrolled in Guangzhou by equal probability selection method according to the Third National Oral Health Epidemiological Investigation in 2015. All the subjects were given oral health examination.Data was compared with the first oral health epidemiological survey of children in Guangzhou in 2008. Results The prevalence of dental caries among 5, 6 and 9 years old children was 76.78%, 80.85%, 74.56%, and the mean number of decayed, missed and filled tooth（ dmft） was 5.47, 5.60 and 3.27, and the filling rates were 4.05%, 5.81% and 6.83% in 2015, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft in rural areas（ 88.77% and 6.41） was higher than in urban areas（ 73.94% and 4.25）（ χ~2/t was 101.209, 13.775, both P 〈0. 01）. There was no significant difference between boys and girls. The filling rate in urban areas（ 7.38%） was higher than the rural areas（ 1.08%）（ χ~2= 58.106, P〈0.01）. The prevalence of dental caries, mean dmft and filling rates was significantly higher than those in 2008. The prevalence of caries in children aged 5 years was 86. 05% in rural areas in2015, followed by 78.89% in rural areas in 2008, and 74.22% and 48.52% in urban areas in 2015 and 2008（ P〈0.01）. The prevalence of dental caries and mean dmft was stable among children aged 6 and 9 years old. Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries in children in Guangzhou has increased, and higher prevalence was observed in rural areas, but the growth rate is faster and the treatment seeking is better in urban areas. This calls for early preventive strategies and treatment services, especially among rural areas.