世界大学排名比较中的再认启发式和线索推断

Recognition Heuristic and Inference from Cues in Comparison Tasks on World University Ranking

针对三种世界大学排名比较任务(综合实力、商业与管理专业、农业与林业专业),用问卷调查了208名大学生并考察其利用再认启发式和额外线索作推断的情况。结果发现:(1)被试在前两种任务中的正确率均超过60%,选择可再认学校的比率及其正确率也较高;(2)比较类别对再认的选择率及其正确率均有显著影响,效应量很大;(3)再认效度较低或无法利用再认时,被试的选择在不同程度上符合外国线索或专长线索的预测;(4)多出一条不利线索时,再认选择率比只有再认线索时有所降低但不低于50%,多出一条有利线索时,再认选择率的变化因线索而异,不一定显著地增加。

In a sample of 208 Chinese college students,this study investigated how these participants made inference from recognition information and other available cues using three different kinds of paired-comparison tasks on world university ranking,namely,ranking by overall performance,ranking by the subject of Business Management and ranking by the subject of Agriculture Forestry. Results showed that,for the former two tasks,the overall accuracy was more than 60% and both the proportion of choices of recognized universities and the percentage of correct inferences were rather high. Meanwhile,there were significant differences in the proportion of choices of recognized ones and the percentage of correct inferences as well across the three kinds of tasks with varied recognition validity. It was also found that participants＇ choices were mostly in line with the predictions of other information indicated by the title of a university,such as locating overseas or specializing in the subject relevant to specific reference class among the comparisons where recognition was correlated low with criterion or didn＇t discriminate. Moreover,participants chose the recognized universities less often but the proportion was not lower than 50% among the pairs with one negative value on either of the aforementioned additional cues. As for the pairs with one positive cue value,the overseas cue didn＇t affect the choices of recognized ones whereas the speciality cue did.