血液透析与高钾血症

Hemodialysis and hyperkalemia

高钾血症是慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者最常见的并发症，血液透析（HD）患者更为常见。HD患者的高血钾主要与K^＋摄入过量、K^＋清除不足和K^＋由细胞内向细胞外转移有关。临床上，多数患者没有明显症状，少数患者可出现心脏和神经肌肉症状。为预防高钾血症，应严格控制每天钾摄入，对高钾血症的患者，应给予充分透析以及药物治疗。

Hyperkalemia is the most common complication of patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） , which is more common in hemodialysis （ HD ） patients. The reason of hyperkalemia in HD patients are related to excessive intake of K ^＋ , insufficient clearance of K ^＋ and K ^＋ transferring from intracellular to extraeellualr. Clinically, most of the patients donl have any obvious symptoms, a few of patients appear heart and neuromuscular symptoms. To prevent hyperkalemia, the patients should control the daily potassium intake strictly, and take adequate dialysis and drug therapy.