乾隆朝重构黄河河源的实践与国家认同

The Activities of Reconstruction on the Source of the Yellow River and the National Identity in the Qianlong Period

乾隆四十七年,因黄河水患,乾隆皇帝派遣侍卫阿弥达至青海祭祀河神,并确定新河源。乾隆朝所定河源是乾隆朝君臣重新建构的结果,这一过程包括探源前后从主祭河神到强调探源的转变、《黄河源图》的重绘及文本书写的修改等问题。从科学意义来说,乾隆朝确定的新河源有违科学事实。但乾隆君臣重构河源的实践活动是乾隆时期系统文化工程的一部分,最终将黄河源头西溯至回部,并利用文字和地图的形式向清人宣传这一成果,具有宣扬大一统及增强国家认同的政治意义。

In the 47th year of Qianlong(1782)period,due to the Yellow River flood,Emperor Qianlong sent Amida to Qinghai to worship the river god,then drew The Map of the Yellow River Source,and compiled Qin Ding Heyuan Ji Lve.At last he identified the new source.The paper shows that the new Yellow River source was the result of reconstruction,and this process included the changes from the Sacrificing the God of the River to seeking for the source,the redrawing of the Yellow River source map,the revision of the text writing and so on.From a scientific point of view,the new river resource was against scientific facts.However,Emperor Qianlongs activities on the reconstruction of river resource were part of the cultural projects of the Qianlong period.He traced the source of the Yellow River back to the Hui nationality,and propagated the people through the text and the map,which was helpful to the so-called great unification and national identity.