极地钻机作业HSE主要风险识别与防控

Key HSE risks identification and control measures during Arctic drilling operation

北极地区的环境与气候十分特殊,给钻机的设计生产和运行维护提出了很高要求。极地钻机作业的HSE主要风险包括:完整性失效、污染排放、永冻土破坏、井喷失控、生态破坏和人员健康6个方面。通过风险矩阵评价法梳理并总结出风险防控措施:突出从设计选型环节确保钻机的机械完整性、提高保温防风性能;强调通过气体检测抓好极地井控管理;注重钻井岩屑和泥浆废液无害化处理;明确分层分段采取多种技术措施保护永冻土层;重视极地作业人员健康与生物多样性保护措施。极地区域的油气资源丰富,研究极地钻机作业的HSE主要风险,可以为中国油气企业后续油气开发和业务拓展提供坚实保障。

Extraordinarily special environment and climate in Arctic region take stringent requirements on design, production, operation and maintenance of drilling rig. The key HSE risks during Arctic drilling operation include integrity failure, pollution discharge, permafrost destruction, out-of-control blowout, ecological damage and employees＇ health. This article summarizes corresponding specific risk prevention and control measures by using risk matrix assessment; assures mechanical integrity of the drill rig and improves thermal insulation performance by highlighting design and selection; emphasizes the polar well control and management through gas detection; pays attention to drilling cuttings and mud waste disposal; defines permafrost protection using diverse technological measures on each layer and level; and focuses on importance to the health and biodiversity conservation measures of polar operators. With the abundant hydrocarbon resources in Arctic region, the study on key HSE risks of Arctic drilling operation will provide solid support for subsequent business development and oil-gas development of Chinese oil and gas enterprises.