宽恕对大学生主观幸福感的直接与间接影响

Direct and indirect effects of forgiveness on subjective well-being in college students

目的讨论宽恕对大学生主观幸福感的影响,着重验证自尊与社会支持在其中的中介作用,为促进宽恕教育、提高大学生心理健康水平提供理论依据。方法采用宽恕量表、罗森伯格(Rosenberg)自尊量表、领悟社会支持量表和主观幸福感量表对564名大学生(271名女生,293名男生)进行调查,并统计数据分析。结果 (1)二元型、独立型、互依型与边缘型4种宽恕类型人数分别占总数的27.0%,21.1%,22.7%和29.3%。4种宽恕类型人群在自尊(F=23.34,P<0.01)、领悟社会支持(F=12.61,P<0.01)、生活满意度(F=21.87,P<0.01)、正性情绪(F=6.13,P<0.01)及负性情绪(F=31.44,P<0.01)的得分差异有统计学意义;(2)自我宽恕与生活满意度(r=0.38,P<0.01)、正性情绪(r=0.30,P<0.01)及负性情绪(r=-0.45,P<0.01)显著相关。同样,人际宽恕也与生活满意度(r=0.22,P<0.01)、正性情绪(r=0.22,P<0.01)及负性情绪(r=-0.15,P<0.01)存在显著相关关系;(3)自我宽恕、人际宽恕部分地或全部地通过自尊与社会支持的中介作用影响主观幸福感。结论宽恕是一种积极的人格品质,对于提升大学生自尊、维护良好的人际关系与主观幸福感都很重要。宽恕对主观幸福感的影响主要通过自尊和社会支持的中介作用实现。

[Objective]To examine effect of forgiveness on subjective well-being in college students,with focus on confirmation of mediator roles of self-esteem and social support,provide theoretical basis for promoting forgiveness education and the mental health of college students.[Methods] 564 college students（271 females and 293 males） completed a questionnaire packet that includes Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Heartland Forgiveness Scale,perceived social support scale,and Subjective Well-Being Scale,and the data were statistically analyzed.[Results]（1） The students with forgiveness personality of binary,independent,interdependent and marginal type accounted for 27.0%,21.1%,22.7% and 29.3%,respectively.The differences in scores of self esteem（F =23.34,P〈0.01）,social support（F =12.61,P〈0.01）,life satisfaction（F =21.87,P〈0.01） and positive effect（F =6.13,P〈0.01） were statistically significant among four kinds of forgiveness individuals.（2）Self-forgiveness was significantly correlated with life satisfaction（r =0.38,P〈0.01）,positive effect（r =0.30,P〈0.01）,and negative effect（r =-0.45,P〈0.01）.Additionally,interpersonal-forgiveness was also significantly correlated with life satisfaction（r=0.22,P〈0.01）,positive effect（r=0.22,P〈0.01）,and negative effect（r=-0.15,P〈0.01）.（3）Both self-esteem and social support mediated the effects of interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness on subjective well-being.[Conclusion] Forgiveness as a kind of positive trait,plays an important role in promoting self esteem and interpersonal relationship,and maintaining the mental health of college students.The effect of forgiveness on subjective well-being is realized mainly through the intermediary role of self-esteem and social support.