汉族和维族产妇产后抑郁状况及其影响因素分析

Postpartum depression and its influencing factors among puerperae of Han and Uygurs nationality

目的探讨新疆地区产妇产后抑郁现状及其影响因素。方法应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2015年12月至2016年11月在新疆维吾尔自治区农二师焉耆医院住院分娩的汉族和维吾尔族共236例产妇进行研究。结果汉族和维吾尔族产妇产后抑郁发生率分别为49.20%和33.70%,差异具有统计学意义(F=8.24,P<0.05);多因素分析示配偶是否有压力(β=0.32)、夫妻关系(β=0.26)、产妇性格(β=0.20)、文化程度(β=0.15)、婴儿健康状况(β=0.25)、产后护理满意度(β=0.11)以及产后睡眠状况(β=0.12)是产妇产后抑郁的重要影响因素(F=23.11,P<0.05)。结论该院产妇产后抑郁发生率较高,尤其是汉族产妇;配偶有压力、夫妻关系较差、产妇性格内向、文化程度较高、婴儿健康状况较差、产后护理不满意以及产后睡眠质量较差是产妇产后抑郁的危险因素,护理人员应对存在高危因素的孕产妇,提供更多具有针对性的帮助和支持,以降低产妇抑郁发生率。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of puerpera depression in Xinjiang. Methods Self-rating depression scale （SDS） was used to study 236 cases of Chinese and Uygur women in Xinjiang Agricultural Second Division Hospital. Results The postpartum depression rates of puerperae of Han and Uygur nationality were 49.20% and 33.70%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant （F = 8. 24, P〈0. 05）. Multivariate analysis showed that spouse pressure （β=0.32）, relationship between husband and wife （β= 0.26）, maternal personality （β=0.20）, education （β= 0.15）, infant health （β=0.25）, postpartum nursing satisfaction （β = 0. 11） and postpartum sleep （β= 0. 12） were important factors influencing postpartum depression （F=23.11,P〈0.05）. Conclusion Postpartum depression rate is relatively high, especially in women of Han nationality. Pressure of spouse, poor relationship between husband and wife, introversion of puerperae, higher education, poorer infant health status, dissatisfied postpartum care, and poor postpartum sleep quality are all risk factors of postpartum depression. The nursing staff should provide more targeted assistance and support for the pregnant women with high risk factors so as to reduce the occurrence of postpartum depression.