超越本体论的舞蹈实践观——从权力关系、身份政治和能动者的实践谈起

Beyond the Ontology of Dance: Reflection on Power, Identity and Practice

从20世纪60年代的结构主义,到80年代的社会建构论^((1)[1])和文化实践观^((2)[2]),广义上的人文学术界已成功地将"名词"意义上的文化观,转型为动词领域的文化实践论。该理论的发展趋势离不开全球化的技术语境,以及以"行动者"为中心,博弈论为指向的网络生态。不容忽视的是,此种理论范式的转换却未能在中国舞蹈理论界呈现。许多研究、创作与表述,仍局限在本质主义和实证论的框架内,反复纠缠于"是什么"的传统问题和认知困局。如何走出舞蹈本体论的迷雾,尝试从舞蹈"外部"与"行动者"的角度,在动态的文化关系中,重新理解作为文化实践的舞蹈行为呢?本文从权力关系、身份政治的角度切入全球化语境中的不同舞蹈实践,借鉴西方舞蹈人类学研究中若干经典个案,以及笔者近年在舞蹈人类学研究中的民族志个案,试图呈现"舞蹈"如何是一种混同着行动者、话语、权力关系、意识形态和资本技术的实践行为,及其通过身体的在场参与和不同主体间的社会互动所共构的文化实践的必经历程。

From structuralism in 1960 s to constructivism and view of cultural practices in 1980 s,the field of humanities,in broad sense,has transformed from the view to the domain of practices. Such theoretical development results from technical context of globalization,action centered and game theory oriented ecology. However,this paradigm shifts never happens in China＇s dance field.Many dance studies,compositions and presentations are still confined to the framework of essentialism and positivism. How to go beyond the ontology of dance and understand it as a cultural practice in the perspective of other fields and action？ Starting with the power of relationship,identical politics in the context of globalization,this paper introduces some cases from dance anthropology and ethnography and attempts to show dance as an integration of action,discourse,power relationships,ideology and capital.