影响大学生社会化的阶层要素分析

An Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Socialization of College Students

大学生社会化受多重因素影响,而阶层影响是被高等教育忽视的一个变量。阶层要素中的家庭资本、同伴和关键人物、学校和教师、社区(村落)、个体经历等五个要素会对大学生的学业调适、人际调适、心理调适和社会融入产生直接或间接的影响。这种影响既有历时性的,也有即时性的。实证调查表明:阶层要素对大学生社会化的影响是全程的,在起点、过程和结果三个环节影响的广度和深度也不尽相同,具有犬牙交错的格局。高校教育之为不仅在于高等教育入学机会、贫困学生资助等环节,而应全程、全员、全方位、全链条地对大学生社会化给予关注,使大学成为大学生美美与共的社会化平台。

The socialization of college students is influenced by multiple factors, of which the impact of social class is a variable neglected by higher education. It is subject to five social class influences. They are family capital, peers and key figures, schools and teachers, communities （tribes） and individ- ual experiences that affect college students＂ academic adjustment, interpersonal adaptation, psychologi- cal adjustment and social integration both in a directly and indirect way. These influences can be dia- chronic as well as informative. Empirical data shows that the social class elements influence the whole process on the socialization of college students. Additionally, the breadth and depth of the influence are different at the beginning, at the halfway and at the end of the journey. It shows indented patterns. The university education should not only focus on the opportunities for higher education admission and the subsidy for poor students, but also should share some attention to the socialization of college students in full ranges. It should improve the university become the social platform for college students to learn from others to fulfill themselves.