意大利歌剧艺术的早期发展

Initial Stage Development of Itlian Opera Art

宗教统治可算是中世纪欧洲最为突出的标签性特征,在天主教文化长期根植、熏染下的主要的"正式"的音乐是教堂圣咏,"加农"手法的应用使圣咏逐渐有了更多装饰性的音乐成分,发展出了渐趋复杂化的以格里高利圣咏为基础创作的多声部宗教音乐,教堂以外的民间则兴起了单声部为主的牧歌、酒歌、猎歌等反神权的世俗娱乐性作品。文艺复兴时期以更为自由的表现手段进行更多个性化表达的文艺创作探索,使乐队合奏的音乐演出形式和单声念唱式的主调说唱音乐——宣叙调都得到充分发展,为其后的神剧、田园剧、牧歌喜剧等以宗教、神话、传奇为题材的"话剧加唱"的歌剧早期形态的发展奠定了基础。

The art form of opera first appeared in the social and cultural context in which the Holy see had absolute authority in the Middle Ages.In the early stage of opera, religion, mythology and legend were the main themes, and it was a kind of art form of ＂drama and singing＂. After the emergence of the Enlightenment, the opera gradually infiltrated more subjects with humanistic color and humanitarian concern. More and more ordinary people face the reality of life and social contradictions under the secular, human nature, social forms of all aspects, conflicts, emotions and so on closer to the real life experience content.As a result, opera gradually developed into a comprehensive artistic form of musical drama with singing as the main body and the melody as the characteristic to develop a certain story plot.