西方史学界对古罗马公民道德法律化问题的研究综述

Studies by Western Historians on the Legalization of Civic Morals in the Ancient Roman Republic

公民道德法律化是古罗马社会历史发展进程的突出特点,也是西方历史学界重要的研究领域之一,但国内研究尚不充分。以推动国内古史界的相关研究、特别是中西古代社会历史发展的比较研究为目的,对西方重要研究成果的文献梳理和辩证分析发现,西方史学界对罗马公民道德法律化的研究视角因时代的需求而不断拓宽,其研究方法也在社会学、人类学和文化学的影响下而不断多样化,并且已在揭示道德法律化的背景、动机、特征和内容等方面取得了重要成就。但公民道德法律化与罗马社会历史发展,特别是古罗马从共和到帝制的历史转变之间的关联,古罗马公民道德法律化深远的历史影响以及古代中国法律伦理化和古代罗马道德法律化的不同历史发展走向之形成等问题仍有待进一步深入发掘和分析。

One of the features of the historical development of the ancient Rome is the constant legalization of civic morals.Compared with the profound and multifaceted studies by the western historians, academic exploration of the related problems by Chinese scholars is far from being abundant.With the aim of promoting the relevant studies in China, especially the comparative study on the respective features of historical development in the eastern and western worlds, a critical literature review of the important academic studies by historians in the English-speaking countries has been done.And it has been found out that the perspectives taken by western historians reflect the changing social demands, and that the methodologies change with the influence of sociology, anthropology and other social sciences.Such studies have shed much light on our understanding of the historical background,motivation, content and features of the legalizing of civic morals in the ancient Roman Republic.However, there is still much to be done in the field of revealing the historical influence of the legalization of civic morals, its inner connection with the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire, and the different trends in the historical development of ancient China and ancient Rome.