高孤独特质学龄儿童的智力结构及其特征的测试分析

Analysis of intelligence structure and characteristics in children with high autistic trait

目的比较不同孤独特质(AT)儿童的智力水平、智力结构及认知加工的异同点,为探明高AT儿童是否存在与孤独症儿童相似的认知特点提供证据。方法 2015年12月-2017年1月招募423名6~10岁正常儿童,根据孤独症谱系商数量表(AQ-C)的总分划分低中高AT三组,采用中文版韦氏儿童智力量表第4版(WISC-Ⅳ)对不同AT分组的智力水平进行评估。校正调整变量(性别、年龄、父母受教育程度及家庭月收入)后比较总智商及各项合成分数。结果除加工速度指数外高AT组的总智商及各项合成分数均低于其他两组。校正调整变量后仅言语理解指数和认知效率指数组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.025和0.033),两两比较时仅低AT组在言语理解指数中显著高于中AT组。在智力优势结构中,高AT儿童呈现"加工速度指数>言语理解指数"(P=0.007)。结论高AT儿童的言语理解能力表现较差,言语工作记忆相对完整,并表现为"加工速度指数>言语理解指数"的智力优势模式。

Objective To explore the differences of intelligence levels, intelligence structures and characteristics of cog- nitive processing among children with different autistic traits （AT）. Methods A total of 423 normal children were recrui- ted,and were divided into three groups （low AT,medial AT and high AT） according to the total score of Autism Spectrum Quotient from December 2015 to January 2017. Intelligence was assessed by the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence ScaIe for Children-Fourth Edition （WISC-IV） for children in different AT groups. After adjusted for covariates including gender,age,parents＇ educational levels and monthly family income, the full scale intelligence quotient （FIQ） and other com- posite indices of WISC-IV were compared among three AT groups. Results Children with high AT showed lower FIQ and composite indices of WISC-IV compared with other two groups,except for the processing speed index （PSI）. After adjusted for covariates,the differences of verbal comprehension index （VCI） and cognitive proficiency index （CPI） remained statisti eally significant among three groups （P= 0. 025 and 0. 033）. Post hoc multiple comparisons suggested that only the VCI were higher in children with low AT than in those with medial AT,while other comparisons showed no differences. Signifi- cant strengths of children with high AT were observed on PSI compared with VCI （P=0. 007）. Conclusions The verbal comprehension is lower and the verbal working memory is relatively intact in children with high AT,which show the similar cognitive features with ASD children. Children with high AT show strengths on PSI when compared with VCI.