青少年睡眠习惯与心理健康的相关性研究

Association between sleep habits and mental health problems among adolescents

目的分析青少年中睡眠习惯和心理行为健康之间的相关性,为预防和改善青少年群体心理健康提供参考依据。方法通过分层整群抽样的方式调查了4 966名11~20岁的青少年。青少年睡眠卫生评估量表修订版(MASHS)用来测量其睡眠状况及行为习惯。儿童长处和不足问卷(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,SDQ)用来评估青少年心理行为健康状况。结果参与调查的青少年中,46.4%工作日平均每天睡眠时间少于8h,7.6%周末平均睡眠时间少于8h,47.5%工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点,39.8%周末入睡时间晚于22:30,45.2%周末觉醒时间晚于8:00,22.55%睡眠规律性差;8.7%的青少年存在心理行为问题,在控制了潜在的混杂因素后,工作日平均睡眠时间少于8h/d(OR=1.77,CI:1.13~2.76,P=0.012),周末的平均睡眠时间少于8h/d(OR=1.65,CI:1.12~2.43,P=0.011),工作日入睡时间晚于22:00点(OR=1.73,CI:1.30~2.31,P<0.001),周末入睡时间晚于22:30点(OR=1.37,CI:1.07~1.77,P=0.014),周末的觉醒时间晚于8点(OR=1.30,CI:1.02~1.66,P=0.032),睡眠不规律(OR=3.11,CI:2.41~4.01,P<0.001)等5个睡眠习惯变量与青少年心理问题显著相关。结论应加强对青少年的睡眠卫生教育,帮助其培养良好的睡眠习惯,特别是充足的睡眠时间和规律的作息习惯,以促进其心理健康。

Objective To examine the association between mental health problems and sleep habits among Chinese ado- lescents, including sleep duration, bed time, wake time on weekdays and weekends, and sleep stability, in order to provide ref- erence for prevention and improving mental health of adolescents. Methods A method of stratified,cluster random sample was conducted,and totally 4 966 adolescents aged 11 - 20 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey. The Modified Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale （M-ASHS） was used to assess sleep habits. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire （SDQ） was used to evaluate mental health problems. Results Among adolescents involved in the survey,of whom 46.4% had a sleep duration less than 8 hours on weekdays,7.6% had a sleep duration less than 8 hours on weekends,47.5% had bed time later than 22：00 on weekdays, 39.8% had bed time later than 22：30 on weekends,45.2% had awakening time later than 8：00 on weekends, 22.55% had irregular sleep schedule;8.7% of the sampled adolescents had mental health problems. After controlling for confounders ,five sleep variables were found to be associated with adolescents＇ mental health. The five factors covered three sleep domains： sleep duration less than 8 hours on weekdays and weekends （OR= 1.77,1.65,95% CI： 1.13-2.76,1.12-2.43,P=0. 012,0. 011）,bed time later on weekdays and weekends （OR=1.73,1.37,95%ACI：1.30- 2.31,1.07-1.77,P〈0. 001,P=0. 014）,and irregular sleep schedule （OR= 1.48,95%CI： 1.08-2.02,P=0. 014）. Conclusion It is suggested that sleep hygiene education should be strengthened to help adolescents develop good sleep habits,including enough sleep duration, early to bed and wake up earlier, and regular sleep schedule, in order to promote preven- tion and intervention of mental health problems.