孤独症儿童心理理论特征及临床干预的研究进展

Research progress on characteristics and clinical intervention and theory of mind for children with autism spectrum disorder

心理理论发展的缺损或滞后是导致孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患儿社交障碍的重要原因之一,这使得ASD患儿缺乏恰当的社会交往技能,无法正常地与人交流,更难以融入家庭、学校、社区等。通过ASD患儿的心理理论能力进行干预训练可以促进他们的社会交往能力的发展。现有的干预训练内容大致包括以下几项:对错误信念理解的干预训练,以正常儿童心理理论发展顺序为参照的多心理理论成分训练,将心理理论能力与社会交往能力相结合的干预训练。已有研究分析,对未来的干预训练更应注重心理理论技能干预的泛化和针对不同层次的ASD儿童设置差异化的干预方案。

The delayed development or deficiency of theory of mind of autism children is an important reason of their social impairment, which causes autism children lack adequate social skills, including inability to properly communicate with persons in family,and difficulty in blending in school and community. Intervention of the theory of mind can promote the de- velopment of social ability of children with autism. The contents of existing training generally include the following items ： the intervention of false belief understanding, the intervention followed the developmental order of theory of mind in typical chil- dren, the intervention combining theory of mind intervention with social skills. Based on existing studies, further intervention training should focus on the generalization of the intervention of theory of mind and different levels of autistm children to set up different intervention plans