经济效率视角下英国雇佣法院最新改革述评——兼论中英劳动争议处理机制的比较与借鉴

The Recent Reform of British Employment Tribunal and It's Enlightenment:Comparison between the Labour Settlement Dispute System of China and UK

雇佣法院是英国专门处理雇主与其雇员之间基于雇佣权利纠纷的独立司法机构。近五年来英国实施的系列经济改革以削减企业运行成本、促进企业创新、鼓励企业招聘新雇员为目标。其中围绕劳动争议处理及雇佣法院的改革措施体现在《2013年企业调控与改革法》中,具体包括:增强非诉处理机制对争议的干预和决策,授予法官对不合理诉求的调控权限以抑制和预防不合理诉求,简化传统的审判人员"三方制"结构模式,引入阶段制诉讼收费。英国改革的经验折射出中英劳动争议处理机制的差异,同时对本国制度的启示在于:重视劳动争议处理机制中的效率考量,增强非诉处理机制的息讼作用及其与诉讼程序的衔接和转化,抑制诉权滥用并促进对劳动关系的稳定。

The employment tribunals are independent judicial bodies which determine disputes between employers and employees over employment rights. The policy objectives of recent reforms involving the laws of employment relationships and labor disputes settlement are to reduce the cost of business running, remove the burdens that inhibit innovation, and improve the confidence for business to take on new staff. The basic strategy is to promoting the efficiency in labor dispute settlement. The specific measures involving Employment Tribunal includes: ACAS's Early Conciliation, more regulatory power for judges to deal more efficiently with the case-load and weed out unmeritorious cases, ET &EAT hearing by a single judge, introduction of claim fees. Based on the experience and inspiration of such reform, strengthen the function of ADR,make more disputes be resolved beyond courts, better the connection and transaction between ADR and judicial procedure, control unmeritorious cases and stabilize the labor relationship.