晚明疑案:王世贞率吴越百余宾客畅游黄山事真伪辨

An Puzzled Cases in Late Ming Dynasty: On the Authenticity of the Statement that Wang Shizhen Has Guided More Than a Hundred Gentlemen from the Area of Wu and Yue to Visit Mount Huangshan

清代张潮的《〈歙问〉小引》与近代许承尧的《歙问闲谭》,皆载有明代文学家王世贞率领吴越百余宾客畅游黄山的事迹。经考,此事存在诸多疑点,几无可能。一方面,文献留存情况可质疑畅游黄山说,证据有三。其一,出处文献存在疑点。张潮的记载源于民间传闻,而许承尧所引原始文献无可查证,对张潮所载则直接加以抄录。后人又将二人所载奉为信史,传颂至今。其二,目前尚未发现记载此事的同期文献。王世贞本人、亲近友人以及同时代的一些徽州籍友人的著作中均未提及此事。其三,后世保存王世贞生平行实的传记资料均未记述此事。另一方面,史实考辨可质疑畅游黄山说。自嘉靖四十二年与汪道昆相识后直至万历十八年去世,王世贞曾在书牍中多次提及欲游黄山,却因种种原因不能成行。总之,王世贞率吴越百余宾客游黄山事应当存疑。

The event that Wang Shizhen, a writer of the Ming Dynasty, has guided more than a hundred gentlemen from the area of Wu and Yue to visit Mount Huangshan was recorded both in She Wen Xiao Yin written by Zhang Chao in the Qing Dynasty and She Wen Xian Tan written by Xu Chengyao in modern times A thorough study indicated that there are many doubts about this matter and it was nearly impossible. For one thing, the existing literature can question Wang＇s tour to Mount Huangshan for three reasons. First, there exists doubt in the literature. Zhang Chao＇s recording stemmed from the folk hearsay. The original document cited by Xu Chengyao cannot be verified. Xu directly copied Zhang Chao＇s recording. Those later generations have treated their words as true and cited up to the present. Next, no contemporaneous literature which recorded the tour has ever been found to date. Wang himself, his close friends, and his contemporary friends in Huizhou have never recorded the tour. Finally, no biographical information of later time about Wang described the tour. For another, some historical research also question Wang＇s tour to Mount Huangshan. From the 42th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty when Wang Shizhen met Wang Daokun to the 18th year of Wanli when he died, Wang mentioned many times in his letters that he had wanted to visit Mount Huangshan but he never succeeded doing so for some reasons. In a word, the statement that Wang Shizhen has guided more than a hundred gentlemen from the area of Wu and Yue to visit Mont Huangshan should be questioned.