不同种植模式下烤烟干物质积累与养分吸收动态变化分析

Dry Matter Accumulation and Nutrient Uptake of Flue-cured Tobacco Under Different Planting Patterns

探究不同种植模式下烤烟干物质积累、养分吸收动态与分配特征,为不同种植模式下烤烟养分管理提供理论基础。采用旱地轮作和水旱轮作模式,以云烟97为供试材料开展田间试验,研究了烤烟在两种种植模式下不同移栽后天数的烤烟干物质积累和养分含量动态变化。结果表明:水旱轮作模式有利于烤烟干物质积累,水旱轮作下烤烟干物质积累是旱地轮作模式的1.11倍(移栽后91 d),根系和茎秆干物质积累量分配比例变化较大,叶片差异不明显;水旱轮作下烤烟移栽后21~35 d、49~63 d内两个时期氮素积累速率均较高,移栽后91 d烤烟氮含量(21.84 g/kg)比旱地轮作下烤烟氮含量(19.33 g/kg)高12.98%,且烤烟叶片氮素积累分配比例比旱地轮作高3.79%;在根、茎、叶中磷素积累速效上,水旱轮作模式下明显比旱地轮作模式滞后,分别是在移栽后63~77 d和49~63 d内达到最大;且旱地轮作模式有利于烤烟钾含量提高,烤烟钾含量是水旱轮作的1.36倍(移栽后91 d),旱地轮作下烤烟生育前期至中后期(移栽后21~63 d)均表现为钾素吸收速率快速增加,吸收峰值时期(移栽后49~63 d)也明显比水旱轮作(移栽后35~49 d)迟。因此,水旱轮作模式下应采用轻施氮肥,重施钾肥,且宜于早施钾素追肥;旱地轮作模式下应调整氮、钾肥施用量、施用时期,钾肥分次施用,且宜于迟施。

This paper explored the dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco in different planting modes and characteristics of nutrient uptake dynamics and distribution,so as to provide theoretical basis for nutrient management of flue-cured tobacco in different planting modes. Field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics changes in dry matter accumulation and nutrient content couple after transplant under 2 planting modes： non-irrigated farmland rotation and paddy-upland field rotation with Yunyan 97 as material. The results showed that the paddy-upland field rotation mode was beneficial to dry matter accumulation,which was 1.11 times of that under non-irrigated farmland rotation mode（ 91 d after transplant）. There were bigger changes in root and stem distribution ratio of dry matter accumulation,but the differences in leaf were not obvious. The nitrogen accumulation rates during 2 time periods： 21~ 35 d and 49 ~ 63 d after transplant,were higher in paddy-upland field rotation. The nitrogen content（ 21.84 g/kg）91 d after transplant was 12.98%,higher than that in non-irrigated farmland rotation（ 19.33 g/kg）,and the nitrogen accumulation rate in leaf was 3. 79%,higher than that in non-irrigated farmland rotation. The accumulation rate of phosphorus in root,stem and leaf reached the maximum in 63 ~ 77 d and 49 ~ 63 d,respectively,after transplant in non-irrigated farmland rotation rotation. And that in paddy-upland field rotation was obviously lagged behind.Besides,non-irrigated farmland rotation mode was beneficial for improving potassium content in flue-cured tobacco,which was 1.36 times（ 91 d after transplant） of that in paddy-upland field rotation. The potassium uptake rate all increased rapidly in the early to mid-late period（ 21 ~ 63 d after transplant） under non-irrigated farmland rotation,and the absorption peak period（ 49 ~ 63 d after transplant） appeared also significantly later than that in paddy-upland field rotation（ 35 ~ 49 d after transplant）. Therefore,light nitrogen fertilizer,heavy potassium fertilizer and early top dressing application of potassium should be applied in paddy-upland field. The nitrogen,potassium application quantity and time period,should be adjusted in non-irrigated farmland rotation,and the top dressing potassium should be applied later.