能源低碳转型的顶层制度设计:可再生能源配额制

Top-Level Institutional Design for Energy Low-Carbon Transition:Renewable Portfolio Standards

将于2018年正式实施的可再生能源配额制（简称配额制）,有效契合了我国能源低碳转型顶层制度设计的战略需求。在总结分析配额制国际实践的基础上,采用微观经济学和制度经济学的相关理论,为配额制提供了一个科学的经济学解释。一方面,从政府和配额供需角度,解构了绿色证书市场的价格形成机制;另一方面,从制度的构建性和发电厂商行为策略的演化角度,论证了配额制的合理性和有效性,并揭示了配额制成功施行的关键。最后,针对我国配额制建设问题,从制度顶层设计、部门协同、配额目标设定和实施计划制定4个层面,并结合我国具体国情,给出了对策和建议。所研究的内容和成果对我国实现能源低碳转型的配额制建设极具实践和指导意义。

Renewable portfolio standards（RPS）, to be implemented officially in 2018, effectively tally with strategic demand of top-level institutional design for realizing China’s energy low-carbon transition. On basis of analyzing and summing up international RPS practice, this paper adopted correlation theories of microeconomics and institutional economics to provide a scientific economic explanation for RPS. The paper deconstructed price formation mechanism of green certificate market from perspective of government and quota supply-demand. The study demonstrated rationality and validity of RPS from perspective of institutional construction and behavioral strategies of power producers, and revealed key elements of successful RPS implementation. Finally, combining with China’s specific national conditions, some countermeasures and suggestions for the problems on China’s RPS construction were proposed based on four dimensions, i.e. system top-level design, department coordination, quota goal setting and implementation plan formulation. Contents and results of this study are very practical and instructive for RPS construction and realization of energy low-carbon transition in China.