卷烟厂中老年女性职工骨密度与生活方式关联的调查分析

Bone mineral density and lifestyle analysis within middle-aged and elderly female in Xuchang tobacco factory

目的调查卷烟厂中老年女性人群骨密度(BMD)与生活方式的关系,为制订特殊职业人群简便易行、易于接受的预防骨质疏松性骨折的方法提供科学依据。方法问卷调查参加健康体检的许昌市卷烟厂45岁~65岁的女性职工,并采用双能X线测定腰椎骨密度,分析许昌市卷烟厂中老年女性职工工龄、体重指数、运动及牛奶摄入等对骨密度的影响。同时,将所有调查对象分别分为:运动组Ⅰ[运动频率高于4次/周,运动时间大于1小时/次(小于2小时),已坚持半年以上者]和运动组Ⅱ(运动频率高于4次/周,运动时间大于2小时/次,已坚持半年以上者);喝牛奶组Ⅰ[饮用牛奶次数大于5次/周,每次饮用量大于或等于250ml(小于500ml),已坚持半年以上者]和喝牛奶组Ⅱ(饮用牛奶次数大于5次/周,每次饮用量大于或等于500ml,已坚持半年以上者)。结果随着工龄增长,骨密度呈逐渐下降趋势,体重指数与骨密度呈正相关。运动组腰椎骨密度高于无运动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。运动组Ⅰ与运动组Ⅱ腰椎骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。喝牛奶组腰椎骨密度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。喝牛奶组Ⅰ与喝牛奶组Ⅱ腰椎骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论保持较高体重指数高、体育运动(每次运动1小时左右)、长期饮用牛奶或酸奶(每次大于250ml)是降低特殊职业人群骨质疏松发生的有效方法,亦是适易于群众接受、简便易行的健康生活方式。

Objective To investigate the relationship of lifestyle and bone density in middle-aged and elderly female in Xuchang tobacco factory and provide a simple and acceptable healthy lifestyle for special occupational crowd. Methods The questionnaire was made to investigate lifestyle of female workers from age 45 to age 65 in Xuchang tobacco factory during physical examination. The lumbar bone mineral density （BMD） was measured by dual-energy X-ray. The working age-length of service, body mass index（BMI）, exercise and milk intake effects on the lumbar BMD were also analyzed. Exercise group I whose exercise frequency was higher than 4 times per week. The exercise time was more than one hour, and the duration time lasted more than half year. Exercise group II whose exercise frequency was higher than 4 times per week. The exercise time was more than two hours. The duration time lasted more than half year. Milk group I who drink Milk more than five times per week with the amount of drinking was larger than 250mL （less than 500mL）. The duration time lasted more half year, and Milk group II who drink Milk more than five times per week with the amount of drinking was larger than 500mL, and the duration time lasted more half year. Results There was a obvious decrease in lumbar BMD with years of service, and a positive correlation between BMI and the lumbar BMD. The lumbar BMD of the Exercise Milk groups was significantly higher than that of relative control group. There was no statistics significance in the lumbar BMD between Exercise group I and Exercise group II , nor between Milk group I and Milk group II. Conclusion Higher BMI, physical exercise for an hour per time and drinking milks about 250ml are the most effective ways to prevent osteoporotic fractures for special occupational crowd, which are also recognized as the simple, easy-to-proceed healthy lifestyle.